psychosis + schizophrenia EaM

Question 1

prevalence of psychosis

Answer 1

FEP is 40 in 100,000
(Raey et al., 2010)

Question 2

prevalence of Schizophrenia

Answer 2

around 24 mill
(WHO, 2022)
in the top 10 most debilitating diseases
(GBD, 2017)

Question 3

positive symptoms (4)

Answer 3

hallucinations
delusions
disorganised speech
inappropriate behavour.

Question 4

negative symptoms (3)

Answer 4

lack of emotion
lack of motivation
social withdrawl

Question 5

cognitive symptoms (3)

Answer 5

poor memory
poor attention
slow processing speed

Question 6

difference between psychosis and schiz symptoms

Answer 6

symptoms are recurring/chronic and more pronounced leading to long term functional impairment.

Question 7

standard NICE 2014 mx

Answer 7

1st and 2nd gen anti psychotics
CBT
family interventions

Question 8

key aspect to management of FEP

Answer 8

early intervention to improve outcomes and reduce LT impact.
(Correll et al., 2018)

Question 9

what are 1st gen APs, what they treat, risks

Answer 9

block D2 dopamine receptors which reduces positive symptoms
Doesnt improve negative/cog symtoms
risk of EPS and TD

Question 10

what are 2nd gen APs, what they treat, risks

Answer 10

block dopamine and serotonin receptors
target neg and pos symptoms
risk of weight gain, diabetes and CVD

Question 11

why do those with schizophrenia need an intervention

Answer 11

they engage with less MVPA than control
(Stubbs et al., 2016)

Question 12

benefits of exercise

Answer 12

shifts T-cell subsets toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes, reducing inflammation
(Shaw et al., 2018)
6 weeks mod-vig PA reduce basal circulating IL-6 concentration
(Dunleavy et al., 2024)
exercise can improve pos and neg symptoms, increase BDNF likely causing the reduced depression symptoms, improve physical health (weight loss)
(Girdler et al., 2019)

Question 13

benefits of aerobic exercise on schizophrenia

Answer 13

increases hippocampus volume and cognitive function (social, memory, attention)
(Girdler et al., 2019)

Question 14

Gaps in the research

Answer 14

Real world implementation to tackle the heath inequality

Question 15

outcome measures used in schiz and psychosis (10)

Answer 15

symptoms (PANSS)
cognition tests
QOL
mental well being (WEMWBS)
health (body comp, BP, VO2max)
inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6)
PA (IPAQ)
adherence
depression
neurotrophic factors (BDNF)