T1D EaM

Question 1

prevalence of T1D

Answer 1

over 9 million WW
(WHO, 2024)

Question 2

symptoms of T1D (5)

Answer 2

weight loss
frequent urination
irritability
blurred vision
fruity breath

Question 3

complications of D (3)

Answer 3

MI
CKD
Eye damage

Question 4

standard NICE, 2015 treatment for T1D (6)

Answer 4

educational programme
dietary advise + weight management
PA and managing BG levels
HbA1c targets
insulin therapy
managing complications (hypo + DKA)

Question 5

% who meet national activity guidelines

Answer 5

40.2%
(Zhao et al., 2008)

Question 6

benefits of exercise on T1D (4)

Answer 6

reduce enhanced CVD risk
(NICE,2015)
preserve beta-cell function
(Narendran et al., 2017)
reduce HbA1C
(Umpierre et al., 2013)
Fewer hypoglycaemic events when completed in morning
(Gomez et al., 2015)

Question 7

impact of aerobic + resistance + HIIT on blood glucose and how to practically apply

Answer 7

More sets of res ex cause less of an increase in BG
(turner et al., 2015)
Aerobic causes drop then rise after, resistance causes smaller decline and more stability after
(Yardley et al., 2015)
Do resistance first, then aerobic to avoid ex-induced hypoglycaemia and keep BG more steady
(Yardley et al., 2012)
Less decrease in BG with HIIT compared to MICT.
(Guelfi et al., 2005)

Question 8

gaps in T1D PA research

Answer 8

requires more patient engagement to improve relevance and be PC
(Klaprat et al, 2020)

Question 9

common outcome measures in T1D research (14)

Answer 9

glucose levels (3.9-10 normal)
HbA1c
insuin sensitivity
beta cell function
body comp
lipid profile
inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-a),
fitness (VO2max)
BP
function (TUG, 6MWT, STS)
QOL
depression and anxiety
adherance
PA levels (IPAQ)