dementia + alzheimers EaM Flashcards
prevalence of AD
55 million WW and 70% are AD
(WHO, 2023)
prevalence of dementia
55 million WW. Costs 1.3 trillion dollars globally. affects women more
(WHO, 2023)
cognitive impairments of dementia and AD (4)
Memory loss
difficulty solving problems
language and communication deficits
disorientation.
behavioural symptoms of dementia and AD (3)
Changes in mood
cx in personality
social withdrawal.
physical symptoms of dementia and AD (3)
Impaired coordination
mobility
eventual dependence on full-time care.
Standard NICE 2018 mx of dementia + AD (3)
individually tailored cognitive rehabilitation
pharmacological mx
treatment of comorbidities
common comorbidities (7)
anxiety
depression
psychosis
aggression
PD
diabetes
pain
specific pharmacological mx of AD
AChE inhibitors or memantine
relationship between PA and dementia risk
Physical activity inversely correlates with dementia risk; higher physical activity levels show reduced biomarkers of AD
(Tan et al., 2017).
PA can reduce dementia risk by 2%
(livingston et al., 2020)
benefits of exercise of dementia and AD (3)
Increases BDNF (synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection)
(Wens et al., 2016)
MVPA promotes neurogenesis and reduces amyloid beta deposition through enhanced cerebral BF
(Lin et al., 2018)
Exercise didn’t slow cognitive impairments, it improved physical fitness which has mobility benefits
(lamb et al., 2018)
impact of aerobic exercise on AD
mitigates hippocampal atrophy in early AD (Jensen et al., 2016)
gaps in the research
the potential impact of PA on cognitive function/decline needs further study.
outcome measures used in dementia and AD studies (13)
blood markers (HbA1c diabetes, vitamin B12, folate levels, liver and kidnery function)
cognitive function (MMSE, MoCA)
severity (CDR)
depression
ADLs (BI, FAQ)
mobility (TUG, 6MWT, handgrip)
imaging (hippocampus volume)
CSF markers (amyloid beta, phosphorylated tau)
QOL
body comp
BP
neuroinflammation (IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor.
BDNF
