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Maternal-Newborn (Josh) > T1 - Menstrual Cycle (Josh) > Flashcards

T1 - Menstrual Cycle (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases of the Endometrial Cycle?

A

Proliferation

Secretory

Ischemic

Menstrual

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2
Q

Endometrial Cycle is influenced by which mechanism?

A

Hypothalmic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis feedback mechanism

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3
Q

What are the hormones during the Endometrial Cycle?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

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4
Q

Which phase of Endometrial Cycle?

A significant rich layer of myometrium and blood vessels develops to cover the endometrial cavity.

A

Proliferative Phase

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5
Q

Which phase of Endometrial Cycle?

characterized by a deepening and maturing of the succulent layer of endometrium for implantation.

A

Secretory Phase

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6
Q

Which phase of Endometrial Cycle?

First day of menstral cycle is day 1

Shedding of functional 2/3 of endometrium

A

Ischemic Phase

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7
Q

The Proliferative Phase correlates w/ which phase of the Ovarian Cycle?

A

Follicular Phase

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8
Q

The Proliferative Phase depends on the dominance of which hormone?

A

estrogen

which is stimulated from ovarian follicles

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9
Q

Can the Proliferative Phase adequately support life?

A

no

cannot adequately support an implanted ovum

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10
Q

Which phase creates the layer than supports the developing zygote?

A

Secretory phase

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11
Q

During the Secretory Phase, the corpus luteum produces which hormone?

A

Progesterone

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12
Q

What happens during the secretory phase if pregnancy does NOT occur?

A

corpus luteum regresses

ischemia of endometrium develops and cyclic menstrual bleeding begins

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13
Q

What are the phases of the Ovarian Cycle?

A

Follicular Phase (Pre-ovulatory)

Ovulation

Luteal (Post-ovulatory)

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14
Q

Toward the end of the normal menstrual cycle, what happens to blood levels of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone)?

A

decline

*** these low levels trigger the hypothalamus to begin a new ovarian cycle by secreting GnRH

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15
Q

When the hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH), where does it go?

A

to the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of LH and FSH, which go to the ovary

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16
Q

During the Follicular Phase, which hormone is dominant?

A

FSH

***stimulates the development of ovarian graffian follicles

***one of these follicles develops into a mature ova

***surge of LH causes this mature ova to be released from ovary

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17
Q

What does the surge of LH do?

A

causes the mature ova to be released from ovary

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18
Q

Why would the developing follicles produce estrogen and progesterone in large amounts?

A

these hormones prepare the endometrial lining of the uterus for implantation of a zygote

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19
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

14 + or - 2 days before next menstrual flow

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20
Q

What sparks ovulation?

A

marked surge of LH and a smaller peak of estrogen

***when these hormones peak, ovulation occurs within 24-36 hrs

21
Q

Clinical signs of Ovulation

A

 BBT: sharp increase in body temperature.

 Vaginal mucus becomes thin and stretchable (spinnbarkeit).

 Cervical mucus Ph changes from acidic…to more alkaline.

 Mittelschmerz a subjective feeling of slight abdominal discomfort.

 Progesterone plasma level increases to about 3 mg/mL (about 3 days post ovulation)

22
Q

During the Luteal Phase, the corpus luteum secretes lots of Estrogen and Progesterone.

Which is dominant?

A

Progesterone

***peak about 8-10 days after ovulation, about the time a fertilized ovum would be implanted in the endometrium if pregnancy has occuredd

23
Q

Avg menstrual cycle is — days.

A

28

24
Q

Menstrual flow normally lasts –

A

4-7 days

25
Q

Therapeutic mgmt for Dysmenorrhea during menstruation?

A

Mild analgesics

Hormonal therapy (birth control)

Heating pad on abdomen

Rest and mild exercises

**note: birth control is best unless trying to get pregnant

26
Q

Oral contraceptives may — menstrual flow.

IUDs may — menstrual flow.

A

decrease

increase

27
Q

S/S of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A

HA

Bloating

Tenderness and swelling of breasts

Food cravings

Depression

Irritability

28
Q

— is an early sign of pregnancy or can be a symptom of menopause or some pathology.

A

Primary Amenorrhea

29
Q

When is menopause diagnosed?

A

1 year after last menstrual period

30
Q

What is the transition period during which ovarian function and hormone production decline?

A

Climacteric

31
Q

What type of amenorrhea is this?

reflects a problem in the central hypothalamic-pituitary axis so that hormone production is inadequate.

A

Hypoganoadotrophic Amenorrhea

**May also be related to stress or inappropriate body fat to lean ratio.

32
Q

Treatment for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

A

Estrogen Therapy

Danazol (synthetic testosterone)

33
Q

— is tissue resembling endometrial tissue, but located OUTSIDE the endometrium in the pelvis.

A

Endometriosis

***painful

34
Q

Treatment for Endometriosis

A

Pain mgmt

Hormonal antagonist to suppress endogenous estrogen/GnRH/FSH/LH

Surgical intervention (TAHBSO)

35
Q

What triggers the Ovarian/Hypothalamus/Pituitary feedback mechanism?

A

Low blood levels of estrogen trigger the hypothalamus to start the menstrual cycle all over again.

Hypothalamus secretes GnRH –>

stimulates the pituitary gland –>

Anterior Pituitary secretes FSH and LH –>

stimulates a primary follicle on the ovary to begin maturing.

36
Q

Anterior Pituitary Hormones:

— causes the primary follicle to mature.

— surge causes the follicle to be released from surface of ovum.

A

FSH

LH

37
Q

After ovulation, what is the follicle crater called? q

A

corpus luteum

38
Q

What is the function of the Corpus Luteum?

A

secretes copious amonts of estrogen and progesterone (progesterone is dominant)

39
Q

The Follicular Phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds with which phase of the endometrial cycle?

A

Proliferative

***both are preovulatory

40
Q

What hormone is dominant in the preovulatory stage (Follicular and Proliferative)?

A

Estrogen

41
Q

The —- phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle occur simultaneously.

A

Luteal

42
Q

What hormone is dominant in the secretory phase?

A

progesterone

43
Q

Which stage of the endometrial cycle can support an implanted zygote?

A

secretory

44
Q

In what three places is the hormone estrogen produced?

A

Ovarian follicle

Corpus Luteum

Placenta

45
Q

Ovulation occurs at the end of which phases?

A

Proliferative (Endometrial Cycle)

Follicular (Ovarian Cycle)

46
Q

Amenorrhea:

Which circumstances should be evaluated?

A

1) absence of both menarche and secondary sexual characteristics by age 14
2) absence of menarche by age 16
3) 3 to 6 mth absence of menses after a period of menstruation

47
Q

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

A

acquired menstrual pain that develops later in life than primary dysmenorrhea, typically after age 25

48
Q

What are S/E of Danazol (synthetic testosterone)?

A

masculinizing traits (weight gain, edema, decreased breast size, oily skin, hirsutism, deep voice)

amenorrhea

hot flashes

vaginal dryness

insomnia

decreased libido

migraine

dizziness

fatigue

depression

49
Q

Danazol is contraindicated in whom?

A

liver disease

***use w/ caution with cardiac and renal disease

***used less frequently b/c of side effects

Maternal-Newborn (Josh) (29 decks)

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