T1 - Blueprint Flashcards
Sperm development is stimulated by which hormone?
testosterone
The pH of Seminal Fluid is —, which makes is nutritive for sperm.
alkaline
Sperm survive —
Ova survive —
48-72 hrs
24 hrs
By — weeks gestation, female has lifetime supply of oocytes.
12
Which hormone causes ovulation to occur?
LH
When does the placenta take over secreting P and E from the corpus luteum?
~ 3 months
How long does it take the zygote to reach the uterus?
3-4 days
Implantation occurs — days after conception.
Book: 6-10 days
PPT notes: 6-8 days
***Just when estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum is at its highest
Premenopausal women have lower levels of E and P, which means they have what two things happen?
decreased bleeding
decreased blood levels of P and E
The chorionic villi develop out of which structure?
trophoblast
What allows the sperm to penetrate the egg?
Hyaluronidase (enzyme) allows the sperm to penetrate the corona radiata (outside membrane) of the ovum
Where does Hyaluronidase come from?
released by the acrosomal cap of the sperm to penetrate the egg
When does the blastocyte implant?
6 days after conception
Why give Rhogam?
If mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ and their blood mixes at birth, the mother’s blood can form antibodies against the Rh+ blood.
This can be fatal for a subsequent baby that may be Rh+.
When do we give Rhogam?
- 28 weeks prophylactically
- again within 72 hrs after birth
- after any invasive procedure like amnioscentesis
Fetal heart starts to beat at what week gestation?
3rd week
When can fetal heart by seen by doppler?
10-12 wks
***heard by 8 wks
Characteristic will be expressed in the individual even if it’s partner is different.
Dominant Gene (AA)
Characteristic will be expressed only if both parents are carriers.
Recessive Gene (aa)
With an Autosomal Recessive Gene, which people are unaffected clinically but are still carriers?
Heterozygous
Cystic Fibrosis is an example of which type of disease:
- Dominant (AA)
- Recessive (aa)
Recessive
**two genes are required for a person to inherit the disease
Why do we test for glycosuria?
sugar in urine
sign of gestational diabetes
During the perimenopause stage, there is a decrease in which hormones?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Ductus Venosus shunts blood around the fetal — into the fetal —
liver
IVC
How much folic acid should a pregnant woman recieve?
600 mcg
- grains
- green leafy veggies
- oranges
- broccoli
- asparagus
- artichokes
- liver
How much iron should pregnant mom recieve?
30 mg starting at 12 weeks
- liver
- meat
- whole grain / enriched breads
- dark leafy greens
- legumes
- dried fruits
How much calcium should pregnant mom receive?
600 mg (if it appears low)
- milk
- cheese
- yogurt
- sardines (or fish with bones left in)
- dark green leafy veggies
- baked beans
- tortillas
How much protein does a pregnant mom need?
First Trimester = 46 g
Second - Third Trimester = 71 g
Avoid extra — because it will lead to edema.
sodium
Pregnant women who smoke need more — in their diet.
Vit C
Maternal complications from cigarette smoke.
Placenta previa
Placental abruption
Preterm Premature ROM
Ectopic Pregnancy
— is known to be a risk factor in LBW and IUGR
***LBW = low birth weight
***IUGR = Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Smoking
***May also impair lactation
The first — weeks of pregnancy are most susceptible to alcohol.
6
What is the most preventable cause of cognitive disability in neonates?
ETOH consumption
What is the safe level of ETOH in pregnancy?
no known safe level
DON’T DRINK ETOH!!!