T1 - Conception PPT (Josh) Flashcards
— is the meiotic process by which male gametes are produces.
Spermatogenesis
— is the process by which female gametes are produced.
Oogenesis
Which muscle of the scrotum is important in temperature regulation for sperm?
Dartos Muscle
Sperm cell begins at —-
puberty
***NOT cyclic
Where do the secretions that sperm float in originate from?
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
What is the pH of sperm?
alkaline
How long does sperm live after ejaculation?
48-72 hrs
During normal ejaculation, how many sperm are released?
200-500 million
How long does it take sperm to travel to egg?
4-6 hrs
but can take as little as 5 minutes
When do oocytes form?
12 weeks gestation
**at birth, female has lifetime supply of oocytes
**400-500 eggs mature in a lifetime
The Ovarian Cycle is controlled by what?
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis
When does Ovulation occur?
14 + or - 2 days before next menstrual period
Which hormone has a large surge at ovulation?
LH
**ovulation occurs 14+ or - 2 days before next menstrual period
Phases of the Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
What is the name of the path through which sperm goes to reach the ovum?
Hyaluronidase
Normal Fetal HR:
110-160
What process removes the protective coating from the heads of sperm?
capacitation
How many sperm penetrates the ovum?
one
Where does conception occur?
outer 1/3 of Fallopian Tube
Mother contributes —- chomosomes.
Father contributes —- chromosomes.
22xx
22xy
**mother can only give x chromosomes, so father determines sex of child
Regarding chromosomes, the baby receives — from each parent. — pairs are autosomes and —- determine the sex.
Regarding chromosomes, the baby receives 23 FROM EACH PARENT. 22 PAIRS ARE AUTOSOMES and ONE PAIR DETERMINES THE SEX.
Cleavage (replication) occurs at — as zygote is propelled toward uterus.
1 day
How many cells are in the Morula?
16
**produced ~ 3 days after fertilization
Blastocyst:
— is the outer layer of cells.
— is the inner layer of cells (baby)
Trophoblast
Blastocyst
Cleavage is Mitosis or Meiosis?
Mitosis
Which hormones are secreted by the Corpus Luteum?
Estrogen and Progesterone
***during first 2-3 mths of pregnancy
During first 2-3 months of pregnancy, what produces Estrogen and Progesterone?
Corpus Luteum
When is the Blastocyst implanted?
6-8 days after ovulation
**upper portion of uterus
Chorionic Villi are developed from which layer of the Blastocyst?
Trophoblast (outer layer)
What is the purpose of the Chorionic Villi?
extend into endometrium and tap into maternal blood supply for O2 and nutrients
After implantation, the endometrium is called the —
decidua
Where is the decidua basalis?
beneath the blastocyst
**decidua basalis is the area of endometrium between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium, which becomes the maternal part of the placenta.
How can progesterone prevent fertilization?
changes cervical mucus and endometrium
*** IUDs are sometimes medicated w/ progesterone to prevent fertilization
G and D of Baby:
—- is conception to day 14
—- is day 15 to 8 wks
—- is 8 wks to 40 wks
Ovum
Embryo
Fetus
The — period is when organs are forming and is the time of greatest vulnerability.
Embryo (day 15 - 8 wks)
Which period encompasses cellular replication (where zygote is formed into blastocyst)?
Ovum
What are the three primary germ layers of the Blastocyst?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Which germ layer of cell?
trophoblast (outer layer) develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands
Ectoderm
Which germ layer of cell?
forms muscles, bones, connective tissue, circulatory system, and genitourinary system
Mesoderm
Which germ layer of cell?
forms digestive, respiratory, and parts of the gu system
Endoderm
—- stage is the most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the external features.
Embryonic (day 15 - 8 wks)
The — assists in lung development.
amniotic fluid
Normal volume of Amniotic Fluid:
800 - 1200 mL
***oligohydramnios = 2000 mL
What is oligohydramnios and why can it be a problem?
AF
What is polydramnios and why can it be a problem?
AF > 2000 mL
associated w/ esophageal atresia and w/ severe CNS anomalies
— is the baby bouncing when examiner touches head and is a sign that baby is NOT ready to be born yet.
Ballottement
At 16 weeks gestation, what is a sufficient amount of AF?
200-300 mL
***sufficient to perform an amniocentesis
Why would the perform an amniocentesis?
too much AF slows down CNS development so they try to pull fluid off
Amniotic Fluid is alkaline or acidic?
alkaline
What is found in Amniotic Fluid that is essential in lung development?
Lecithin and Sphingomyelin
*** L/S ratio of 2:1 indicates fetal lung maturity
*** L/S is a major component of surfactant
What color are we looking for when using nitrazine paper to test AF?
blue
*** acid would turn it red
After ROM (Rupture of Membranes) what do we monitor?
fetal heart rate
we are looking for any decelerations in fetal HR
During maitenance of pregnancy, what produces estrogen and progesterone?
Placenta
***provides O2 and removes CO2
***metabolizes drugs/substances
Until 3rd month of pregnacy, the — is main source of estrogen and progesterone
After 3rd mth, the — is main source of estrogen and progesterone.
Corpus Luteum
Placenta
— stimulates uterine development to provide environment for baby.
— relaxes uterine muscle and prevents spontaneous abortion.
Estrogen
Progesterone
Lay mom on which side to decrease pressure on IVC?
left side
Nicotine does what to blood vessels?
vasoconstrictor (raises BP)
How many vessels are in the umbilical cord?
3
1 large vein (carrying O2)
2 arteries (carrying CO2)
Vein and arteries in umbilical cord is surrounded by —
Wharton’s Jelly
