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Maternal-Newborn (Josh) > T1 - Advance Directives (Josh) > Flashcards

T1 - Advance Directives (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

A surge of —- causes the follicle to be released from the surface of the ovum.

A

LH

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2
Q

Product of union b/t normal gamete and a gamete that is missing a chromosome.

A

Monosomy

***monosomic individuals have only 45 chromosomes

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3
Q

What time and what amount is sufficient to perform an amnioscentesis?

A

16 wks and 200-300 mL

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4
Q

What could cause a decreased fundal height?

A

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

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5
Q

What amount of AF is Polyhydramnios?

What conditions does this cause?

A

> 2000 mL

associated w/ esophageal atresia and severe CNS malformation

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6
Q

Sperm survive approximately —

Female ova survive approximately —-

A

48 -72 hrs

12-24 hrs

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7
Q

What meds can interfere w/ accuracy of EPT?

A

Anticonvulsants and diuretics can cause a false positive

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8
Q

Normal fetal HR

A

110-160 bpm

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9
Q

What is Goodell’s Sign?

A

“gooey”

Softening of cervical tip in a normal, unscarred cervix

~6th week

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10
Q

Teaching regarding early pregancy test (EPT)?

A

a. first voided urine specimen in AM
b. Meds can interfere with accuracy of test (anticonvulsants, diuretics)
c. Hcg detected 4 days after implantation.
d. If test is done at time of your missed period is negative, repeat in 1 wk if period hasn’t returned

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11
Q

Cardinal signs of Preeclampsia?

A

Proteinuria

Edema (periorbital)

Elevated BP (140/90)

Headache/Dizziness

Blurred Vision

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12
Q

Implantation occurs when estrogen and progesterone, produced by —- are at their peak.

A

ovaries (6-10 days)

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13
Q

Baby heart can be heard — by doppler and — by fetoscope (bone conduction.

A

10-12 wks

18-20 wks

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14
Q

What else can cause Balottement?

A

tumor

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15
Q

Sperm best survive in a — environment.

— is nutritive to sperm.

A

alkaline

Seminal fluid

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16
Q

Objective/Subjective signs of ovulation?

A

Spinnberkeit

increased cervical mucous

breast tenderness

cervix is high, soft, and open

increased sex drive

spotting, cramping and/or pain on one side

bloating

mild nausea

headache

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17
Q

What BP is a danger signal?

A

140/90

***absolute value that signifies gestational HTN

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18
Q

Sex of baby

A

ovaries and testes distinguishable at 8 WKS

internal and external organs specifically identifiable at 12 WKS

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19
Q

What days of ovarian cycle does ovulation typically occur?

A

14 +- 2 days before the next menstrual cycle

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20
Q

What do Ghonorrhea and Chlamydia increase risk of?

A

corneal scarring of infant (blind babies)

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21
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy.

A

Amenorrhea

Fatigue

Breast Changes

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22
Q

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

A

Hearing fetal tones

Seeing the fetus

Palpating fetal movements

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23
Q

— is baby bounces against examiner’s hand (sign that baby is NOT ready to be born b/c he hasn’t come down yet)

A

Ballottement

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24
Q

What triggers the ovarian/hypothalamus/pituitary feedback mechanism?

A

low blood levels of estrogen trigger the hypothalamus to secrete GnRH which simulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH which stimulates a primary follicle to begin maturing

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25
Q

What is lightening and when does it occur?

A

Fundal heigh decreases as fetus descends into pelvis

38-40 weeks

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26
Q

What is Chadwick’s Sign?

A

Bluish color of cervix at 6-8 wks

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27
Q

Vessels within Umbilical Cord.

A

2 arteries (deoxygenated blood and waste)

1 vein (oxygenated blood)

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28
Q

List changes of breasts during pregnancy?

A

a. Colostrum may leak from nipple
b. Size increases
c. Nipples and areola darken
d. May have striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
e. Superficial veins become prominent

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29
Q

What is leukorrhea?

A

whitish, yellowish mucous discharge from vagina

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30
Q

What is the avg. length of the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

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31
Q

What structures of the blastocyst extend into the maternal blood supply in the process of implantation?

A

Chorionic villi.

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32
Q

At 20 wks, where is the fundal height?

A

at the umbilicus

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33
Q

S/S of UTI

A

Urinary frequency

Dysuria

Hematuria

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34
Q

Can UTI be asymptomatic?

A

yes

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35
Q

Which individuals are unaffected by Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Disorders?

A

Heterozygous individuals b/c their normal gene overshadows the variant allele

***clinically normal but they’re still CARRIERS

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36
Q

What does an increase in clotting factors place pregnant client at risk for?

A

blood clots

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37
Q

What amounts of iron is recommended?

A

27 mg/day

***supplement 30mg daily starting about 12 wks gestation

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38
Q

What else could cause a Positive Pregnancy Test?

A

Hydatidiform Mole

Choriocarcinoma

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39
Q

How long does it take Zygote to reach uterus?

A

3-4 days

40
Q

Baby’s heart is fully developed at —

A

8 wks

41
Q

When would ovulation likely occur on a 32 day cycle?

A

day 18

***32-14 = 18

42
Q

— is period from conception to day 14

— is period from day 15 - 8 weeks

— is peiod from week 9 - week 40

A

ovum

embryo

fetal

43
Q

Implantation occurs — after conception.

A

6-10 days

44
Q

What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?

A

secretes estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is large enough to take over

45
Q

After ovulation, the follicle crater is called — —

A

corpus luteum

46
Q

How long is pregnancy in days, weeks, and months?

A

280 days

40 wks

10 lunar months

47
Q

By — weeks gestation, a female has a lifetime supply of oocytes.

A

12

48
Q

What is a concern when the membranes are ruptured?

A

umbilical cord caught b/t head and pelvis

49
Q

Which hormones are released by the Anterior Pituitary?

A

FSH and LH

50
Q

What is Spinnbarkeit?

A

change in cervical mucous during ovulation where it is more thin and stretch

51
Q

During the Follicular and Proliferation phases (pre-ovulatory), which hormone is dominant?

A

estrogen

*** e before p (estrogen before progesterone)

52
Q

What is the criteria for viability?

A

20 wks and 500 g

***looking for CNS function and O2 capacity of lungs

53
Q

Calculate the date of ovulation for a client who has a 32 day cycle?

A

14 + - 4 days

54
Q

With a recessive disorder, what must happen for it to be expressed?

A

two carriers must each contribute the affected gene to the offspring

55
Q

What is leukorrhea a possible sign of?

A

STDs

  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia
  • Syphilis
  • Herpes
56
Q

Most inborn errors of metabolism such as PKU, galactosemia, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis (CF) are —-

A

autosomal recessive inherited disorders.

57
Q

What is the purpose of the endocervical plug?

A

aka: operculum

seals endocervical canal and prevents ascent of bacteria from vagina to uterus

58
Q

The FOLLICULAR PHASE of the ovarian cycle corresponds with the ____ of the endometrial cycle.

A

Proliferation

***both are PRE-ovulatory

59
Q

In relation to the endometrial cycle, ovulation occurs at the end of the — phase.

A

proliferation

60
Q

The hormone — causes the primary follicle to mature.

A

FSH

61
Q

Which developmental stage is the time when organs are most vulnerable to teratogens?

A

Embryo (day 15 - 8 weeks)

62
Q

Which hormone is responsible for milk PRODUCTION?

Which hormone is responsible for milk LETDOWN?

A

Prolactin

Oxytocin

63
Q

What amount of AF is Oligohydramnios?

What conditions does this cause?

A
64
Q

Which phase of the OVARIAN cylce occurs at the same time as the SECRETORY phase of the ENDOMETRIAL cycle?

A

Luteal

65
Q

Meconium in AF places baby at risk for —

A

meconium aspiration

66
Q

Which phase of the endometrial cycle can support an implanted zygote?

A

secretory

67
Q

—- shunt blood around fetal liver.

—- shunts blood around fetal lungs.

—is right to left shunt around fetal ventricles.

A

ductus venosus

ductus arteriosis

foramen ovale

68
Q

Which type of chromosomal abnormality is Down’s Syndrome?

A

Trisomic (extra chromosome)

69
Q

When is L/S ratio proper for lung development?

A

2:1

36th week

70
Q

When does the Fundus become palpable?

A

12 wks

71
Q

Sperm and Ova meet (fertilization) happens where?

A

outer 1/3 of FT

72
Q

Quickening happens at —- for nulliparous and — for multips.

A

18-20 weeks (nulliparous)

14-16 weeks (multip)

73
Q

How long does the Corpus Luteum secrete Estrogen and Progesterone?

A

until the placenta can take over at about 3 MONTHS gestation

74
Q

— abnormalities are a major cause of reproductive loss and congenital problems.

A

Chromosomal

75
Q

Vascular volume increases by — and peaks at —

A

45-50 %

32-34th wk

76
Q

What else could cause Goodell’s Sign?

A

pelvic congestion

77
Q

What blood types cannot mix?

A

Rh+ mom and Rh- baby

***mom’s body will attack

*** give Rhogam

78
Q

AF is slightly — and turns nitrazine paper —

A

alkaline

blue

***urine (acid) turns it red

79
Q

Probably signs of pregnancy.

A

Hegar’s Sign

Balottment

Pregnancy Test

Goodell sign

80
Q

Lay mom on which side to take pressure off of IVC and Aorta?

A

left side

81
Q

Which organ of pregnancy takes over work of the liver for the baby?

A

placenta

82
Q

When should Rhogam be given?

A

28 wks and again up to 48-72 hrs after delivery

83
Q

What hormone is the earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy diagnosis?

A

hCG

***secreted by the blastocyst to make sure the corpus luteum remains viable and secreting E and P

84
Q

Where is the hormone estrogen produced?

A

Ovary

Corpus Luteum

Placenta

85
Q

— are those in which both genes of a pair are forms associated with the disorder to be expressed.

A

Autosomal recessive inheritance disorders

86
Q

Product of union b/t normal gamete and a gamete with an extra chromosome.

A

Trisomy

87
Q

What is the most common cause of Ophtalmia Neonatorum?

A

Chlamydia

88
Q

What else could cause Hegar Sign?

A

pelvic congestion

89
Q

Sperm cell development is stimulated by the hormone —

A

notes say testosterone

google says FSH

90
Q

What affect does Progesterone have on smooth muscle?

What does this lead to in Placenta and GI tract?

A

relaxes smooth muscle

prevents placenta from spontaneous abortion

leads to constipation in GI tract due to slowed peristalsis

91
Q

Nicotine is a — drug.

A

vasoconstrictor

leads to HTN and tachycardia in baby

92
Q

Blood cells form at approximately — gestation.

A

3 wks

93
Q

Increase in vascular problem causes which problem?

A

Physiologic Anemia

  • Hgb
94
Q

What could cause an excessive increase in fundal height?

A

twins

polyhydramnios

hydatidiform mole

95
Q

Which hormone is dominant during the secretory phase?

A

Progesterone

***when the corpus luteum beings picking up the pace

96
Q

HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) can — the placenta.

A

cross

***baby will look scalded

97
Q

What is Hegar’s Sign?

A

Softening and Thinning of lower segment of uterus (~ 6th wk)

Maternal-Newborn (Josh) (29 decks)

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