T1 - Advance Directives (Josh) Flashcards
A surge of —- causes the follicle to be released from the surface of the ovum.
LH
Product of union b/t normal gamete and a gamete that is missing a chromosome.
Monosomy
***monosomic individuals have only 45 chromosomes
What time and what amount is sufficient to perform an amnioscentesis?
16 wks and 200-300 mL
What could cause a decreased fundal height?
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
What amount of AF is Polyhydramnios?
What conditions does this cause?
> 2000 mL
associated w/ esophageal atresia and severe CNS malformation
Sperm survive approximately —
Female ova survive approximately —-
48 -72 hrs
12-24 hrs
What meds can interfere w/ accuracy of EPT?
Anticonvulsants and diuretics can cause a false positive
Normal fetal HR
110-160 bpm
What is Goodell’s Sign?
“gooey”
Softening of cervical tip in a normal, unscarred cervix
~6th week
Teaching regarding early pregancy test (EPT)?
a. first voided urine specimen in AM
b. Meds can interfere with accuracy of test (anticonvulsants, diuretics)
c. Hcg detected 4 days after implantation.
d. If test is done at time of your missed period is negative, repeat in 1 wk if period hasn’t returned
Cardinal signs of Preeclampsia?
Proteinuria
Edema (periorbital)
Elevated BP (140/90)
Headache/Dizziness
Blurred Vision
Implantation occurs when estrogen and progesterone, produced by —- are at their peak.
ovaries (6-10 days)
Baby heart can be heard — by doppler and — by fetoscope (bone conduction.
10-12 wks
18-20 wks
What else can cause Balottement?
tumor
Sperm best survive in a — environment.
— is nutritive to sperm.
alkaline
Seminal fluid
Objective/Subjective signs of ovulation?
Spinnberkeit
increased cervical mucous
breast tenderness
cervix is high, soft, and open
increased sex drive
spotting, cramping and/or pain on one side
bloating
mild nausea
headache
What BP is a danger signal?
140/90
***absolute value that signifies gestational HTN
Sex of baby
ovaries and testes distinguishable at 8 WKS
internal and external organs specifically identifiable at 12 WKS
What days of ovarian cycle does ovulation typically occur?
14 +- 2 days before the next menstrual cycle
What do Ghonorrhea and Chlamydia increase risk of?
corneal scarring of infant (blind babies)
Presumptive signs of pregnancy.
Amenorrhea
Fatigue
Breast Changes
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
Hearing fetal tones
Seeing the fetus
Palpating fetal movements
— is baby bounces against examiner’s hand (sign that baby is NOT ready to be born b/c he hasn’t come down yet)
Ballottement
What triggers the ovarian/hypothalamus/pituitary feedback mechanism?
low blood levels of estrogen trigger the hypothalamus to secrete GnRH which simulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH which stimulates a primary follicle to begin maturing
What is lightening and when does it occur?
Fundal heigh decreases as fetus descends into pelvis
38-40 weeks
What is Chadwick’s Sign?
Bluish color of cervix at 6-8 wks
Vessels within Umbilical Cord.
2 arteries (deoxygenated blood and waste)
1 vein (oxygenated blood)
List changes of breasts during pregnancy?
a. Colostrum may leak from nipple
b. Size increases
c. Nipples and areola darken
d. May have striae gravidarum (stretch marks)
e. Superficial veins become prominent
What is leukorrhea?
whitish, yellowish mucous discharge from vagina
What is the avg. length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days
What structures of the blastocyst extend into the maternal blood supply in the process of implantation?
Chorionic villi.
At 20 wks, where is the fundal height?
at the umbilicus
S/S of UTI
Urinary frequency
Dysuria
Hematuria
Can UTI be asymptomatic?
yes
Which individuals are unaffected by Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Disorders?
Heterozygous individuals b/c their normal gene overshadows the variant allele
***clinically normal but they’re still CARRIERS
What does an increase in clotting factors place pregnant client at risk for?
blood clots
What amounts of iron is recommended?
27 mg/day
***supplement 30mg daily starting about 12 wks gestation
What else could cause a Positive Pregnancy Test?
Hydatidiform Mole
Choriocarcinoma
How long does it take Zygote to reach uterus?
3-4 days
Baby’s heart is fully developed at —
8 wks
When would ovulation likely occur on a 32 day cycle?
day 18
***32-14 = 18
— is period from conception to day 14
— is period from day 15 - 8 weeks
— is peiod from week 9 - week 40
ovum
embryo
fetal
Implantation occurs — after conception.
6-10 days
What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?
secretes estrogen and progesterone until the placenta is large enough to take over
After ovulation, the follicle crater is called — —
corpus luteum
How long is pregnancy in days, weeks, and months?
280 days
40 wks
10 lunar months
By — weeks gestation, a female has a lifetime supply of oocytes.
12
What is a concern when the membranes are ruptured?
umbilical cord caught b/t head and pelvis
Which hormones are released by the Anterior Pituitary?
FSH and LH
What is Spinnbarkeit?
change in cervical mucous during ovulation where it is more thin and stretch
During the Follicular and Proliferation phases (pre-ovulatory), which hormone is dominant?
estrogen
*** e before p (estrogen before progesterone)
What is the criteria for viability?
20 wks and 500 g
***looking for CNS function and O2 capacity of lungs
Calculate the date of ovulation for a client who has a 32 day cycle?
14 + - 4 days
With a recessive disorder, what must happen for it to be expressed?
two carriers must each contribute the affected gene to the offspring
What is leukorrhea a possible sign of?
STDs
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Syphilis
- Herpes
Most inborn errors of metabolism such as PKU, galactosemia, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis (CF) are —-
autosomal recessive inherited disorders.
What is the purpose of the endocervical plug?
aka: operculum
seals endocervical canal and prevents ascent of bacteria from vagina to uterus
The FOLLICULAR PHASE of the ovarian cycle corresponds with the ____ of the endometrial cycle.
Proliferation
***both are PRE-ovulatory
In relation to the endometrial cycle, ovulation occurs at the end of the — phase.
proliferation
The hormone — causes the primary follicle to mature.
FSH
Which developmental stage is the time when organs are most vulnerable to teratogens?
Embryo (day 15 - 8 weeks)
Which hormone is responsible for milk PRODUCTION?
Which hormone is responsible for milk LETDOWN?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
What amount of AF is Oligohydramnios?
What conditions does this cause?
Which phase of the OVARIAN cylce occurs at the same time as the SECRETORY phase of the ENDOMETRIAL cycle?
Luteal
Meconium in AF places baby at risk for —
meconium aspiration
Which phase of the endometrial cycle can support an implanted zygote?
secretory
—- shunt blood around fetal liver.
—- shunts blood around fetal lungs.
—is right to left shunt around fetal ventricles.
ductus venosus
ductus arteriosis
foramen ovale
Which type of chromosomal abnormality is Down’s Syndrome?
Trisomic (extra chromosome)
When is L/S ratio proper for lung development?
2:1
36th week
When does the Fundus become palpable?
12 wks
Sperm and Ova meet (fertilization) happens where?
outer 1/3 of FT
Quickening happens at —- for nulliparous and — for multips.
18-20 weeks (nulliparous)
14-16 weeks (multip)
How long does the Corpus Luteum secrete Estrogen and Progesterone?
until the placenta can take over at about 3 MONTHS gestation
— abnormalities are a major cause of reproductive loss and congenital problems.
Chromosomal
Vascular volume increases by — and peaks at —
45-50 %
32-34th wk
What else could cause Goodell’s Sign?
pelvic congestion
What blood types cannot mix?
Rh+ mom and Rh- baby
***mom’s body will attack
*** give Rhogam
AF is slightly — and turns nitrazine paper —
alkaline
blue
***urine (acid) turns it red
Probably signs of pregnancy.
Hegar’s Sign
Balottment
Pregnancy Test
Goodell sign
Lay mom on which side to take pressure off of IVC and Aorta?
left side
Which organ of pregnancy takes over work of the liver for the baby?
placenta
When should Rhogam be given?
28 wks and again up to 48-72 hrs after delivery
What hormone is the earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy diagnosis?
hCG
***secreted by the blastocyst to make sure the corpus luteum remains viable and secreting E and P
Where is the hormone estrogen produced?
Ovary
Corpus Luteum
Placenta
— are those in which both genes of a pair are forms associated with the disorder to be expressed.
Autosomal recessive inheritance disorders
Product of union b/t normal gamete and a gamete with an extra chromosome.
Trisomy
What is the most common cause of Ophtalmia Neonatorum?
Chlamydia
What else could cause Hegar Sign?
pelvic congestion
Sperm cell development is stimulated by the hormone —
notes say testosterone
google says FSH
What affect does Progesterone have on smooth muscle?
What does this lead to in Placenta and GI tract?
relaxes smooth muscle
prevents placenta from spontaneous abortion
leads to constipation in GI tract due to slowed peristalsis
Nicotine is a — drug.
vasoconstrictor
leads to HTN and tachycardia in baby
Blood cells form at approximately — gestation.
3 wks
Increase in vascular problem causes which problem?
Physiologic Anemia
- Hgb
What could cause an excessive increase in fundal height?
twins
polyhydramnios
hydatidiform mole
Which hormone is dominant during the secretory phase?
Progesterone
***when the corpus luteum beings picking up the pace
HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) can — the placenta.
cross
***baby will look scalded
What is Hegar’s Sign?
Softening and Thinning of lower segment of uterus (~ 6th wk)
