T1: Blood Sample for Analysis

Question 1

How much blood can be sampled from an organism without replacement fluids?

Answer 1

10% of the total circulating blood volume during a 2 week period

Question 2

What is the average circulating blood volume of an organism?

Answer 2

5.5-7.0% of the animals body weight

Question 3

What should be employed during blood sampling to minimize the risk or injury of the animal?

Answer 3

physical and chemical restraint (eg. anesthesia)

Question 4

What is homeostasis?

Answer 4

stopping of blood flow

Question 5

How to achieve homeostasis?

Answer 5

• place gentle pressure over the site of blood collection
• use gloved hand and a piece of gauze

Question 6

What are some techniques used for tail vein dilation? In what animal is it used?

Answer 6

used for: mice and rats
1) heating lamp
2) submerging teh tail in warm water (max 40 * C)
3) placing rubbing alcohol over tail

Question 7

What is the blood sample site of collection of rats and mice?

Answer 7

• tail
• ear
• medial canthus of eye

Question 8

What is the blood sample site of collection of pigs and rabbits?

Answer 8

• ear vein (marginal)
• cranial vena cava (pig)
• jugular vein
• saphenous vein (rabbit)

ANESTHESIA REQUIRED

Question 9

What is the blood sample site of collection of cats and dogs?

Answer 9

• saphenous vein (back leg)
• cephalic vein (front leg)
• jugular vein (front neck)

Question 10

What is the blood sample site of collection of ruminants and equines?

Answer 10

• jugular vein
• lateral saphenous vein
• tail vein
• ear vein

Question 11

What is the blood sample site of collection of ferrets?

Answer 11

• cephalic vein
• saphenous vein
• jugular vein
• cranial vena cava

Question 12

What is the blood sample site of collection of guinea pigs?

Answer 12

• ear vein (droplet)
• saphenous vein
• cranial vena cava
• cardiac (non-survival)

Question 13

What is the blood sample site of collection of sheep?

Answer 13

• cephalic vein (“set up” position)
• femoral vein (lateral recumbency)

Question 14

What is the blood sample site of collection of birds?

Answer 14

• brachial wing vein
• jugular vein
• basilic vein
• medial metatarsal vein

Question 15

What are anticoagulants? How do they work?

Answer 15

• blood thinners
• reduce blood coagulation
• reduce risk of heart attacks
• precipitate calcium ions (Ca2+) in the plasma
• heparin (anti-thrombin): prevents the transformation of prothrombin to thrombin –> no fibrin (from fibrinogen)

Question 16

State examples of anticoagulants.

Answer 16

• sodium fluoride
• heparin
• EDTA
• sodium citrate
• potassium ammonium oxalate

Question 17

Where are all anticoagulants listed?

Answer 17

“Blood Bank”