T1 Flashcards
What’s the endocrine system purpose? (3)
regulates and controls metabolic processes
- helps maintain body homeostasis
- serves as one of two MAJOR control systems of the body
The endocrine glands make and secrete what?
hormones
How are the hormones transported through the body?
released into the blood and transported through the body
What are target cells in the endocrine system?
cells with specific receptor for a hormone
Target cells are also called ______ which fxns as what?
bind hormone, initiates or inhibits selective cell activity
What features are different from the nervous system? (6)
– Hormones transported within blood to target cells
– Causes metabolic changes in target cells
– Target any cells with receptors
– Exhibit longer reaction times
– More widespread effects throughout the body
– Longer-lasting effects (minutes to days and weeks)
What are the 4 fxn of the endo system?
- maintaining homeostasis of blood composition and volume
- controlling reproductive activities
- Regulating development, growth and metabolism, controlling digestive progesses
What is the composition of endocrine cells?
- secretory endocrine cells
- derived from epithelium with connective tissue framework
- high extensive blood supply which helps with uptake of hormones
What are the two organizations of organs within the system?
single organ with endocrine function
- cells in small clusters in organs with another function
Endocrine organs (single) include?(5)
pituitary gland • pineal gland • thyroid gland • parathyroid glands • adrenal glands
Pineal gland secretes what hormone? which is responsible for what?
melatonin, circadian rhythm
Which other hormone does the pineal gland affect? what does that hormone effect?
the synthesis of the hypothalmic hormone
- responsible for synthesis of the hypothalmic hormone
- involved in regulation of the reproductive system
The parathyroid has which two cell types?
-cheif cells and oxphil cells
Chief cells do what 3 things?
– source of parathyroid hormone
– released in response to decreased blood calcium levels
– return blood calcium to normal levels
What’s the fxn of oxphil cells?
fxn unknown
Endocrine cells iwthin other organs include?
- hypothalamus, skin, thymus
- heart, liver, stomach
- pancreas, small intestine
- kidneys, gonads
What are the three types of stimulation for the endocrine reflexes?
hormonal, humoral or nervous
Hormonal stimulation is?
1 part of body releases one hormone that hormone stimulates another part of the body to release a specific hormone
Humoral stimulation?
release of a hormone in response to changes in level of nutrient or ion in the blood
Nervous stimulation is?
release of a hormone in respone to stimulation by the nervous system (ex: norepenephrine and epinephrine aka adrenaline)
Steroid hormones are (soluble wise)
lipid soluble molecules synthesized form clestrol
Protein hormones are (soluble wise)
water souble
How are water-soluble hormones transported?
they readily dissolve
How are lipid soluble hormones transported
they require carrier molecules “ferrys”