T-Spine

Question 1

Extension results in rotation of which direction for the ribs

Answer 1

Posterior

Question 2

Caudadmedial for which roll of the ribs

Answer 2

Posterior roll

Question 3

Cephalateral for which roll of the ribs

Answer 3

Anterior roll

Question 4

Rotation towards results in rotation of which direction for the ribs

Answer 4

Rotation towards = posterior

Question 5

What muscles initiate Thoracic flexion

Answer 5

Abdominals

Question 6

What is the full ROM of Thoracic LF

Answer 6

25-45 degrees

Question 7

How much rotation is permitted in the T-spine

Answer 7

45-50 degrees

Question 8

What T-spine level is most susceptible to disc prolapse ?

Answer 8

T11-12

Question 9

What is Scheurmann’s

Answer 9

A disturbance of normal development of the cartilage endplates of the Vertebral bodies

Question 10

What age group is common for Scheurmann’s disease

Answer 10

Adolescents

Question 11

What spinal posture is present in Scheurmann’s disease

Answer 11

Excessive thoracic kyphosis and excessive Lumbar Lordosis

Question 12

List 4 clinical signs of T4 Syndrome

Answer 12

1. Bilateral Sensory symptoms in arm and hand
2. Headaches
3. Thoracic stiffness at T3-5
4. diffuse arm pain

Question 13

What is the Biomechanical cause of rib stress fractures ?

Answer 13

Excessive muscle traction at the attachment sites on the ribs

Question 14

Fast bowlers will commonly present with which thoracic injury ?

Answer 14

Side strain

Question 15

Which side will a side strain occur in a fast bowler ?

Answer 15

contralateral to the bowling arm

Question 16

What is the underlying injury in a “side strain” (2)

Answer 16

1. Tear of the internal oblique muscle from its rib or costal cartilage attachment
2. stripping of the rib periosteum

Question 17

List 4 not to be missed causes of T-spine pain

Answer 17

1. Cardiac causes
2. Peptic Ulcer
3. Tumour
4. Herpes Zoster