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IHO Week 3 > T-Cell Receptors and MHC Complex - Diebel > Flashcards

T-Cell Receptors and MHC Complex - Diebel Flashcards

1
Q

What do T-Cells require in order to be activated?

A

Cell-to-cell contact with antigen presenting molecules on the surface of other cells

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2
Q

Th1 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

A

IL-12
IL-18
IFN-gamma

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3
Q

Th1 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

A

IGN-gamma (pro-inflammatory & chemotactic for monocytes/macrophages)
TNF

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4
Q

What types of cell-surface molecules/receptors do APC have?

A

PRR = Pathogen Recognition Receptor (PAMPs)
CD80 (B7-1) binds to T-cell CD28
CD86 (B7-2) binds to T-cell CD28
MHC II

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5
Q

What types of cell-surface molecules/receptors do T-cells have?

A

CD28 binds to CD80/86
CD4 binds to MHCII
CD3/TCR binds to MHC II

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6
Q

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th1 T-cells?

A

T-Bet

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7
Q

How are M1 (angry) macrophages activated and what cytokines do they secrete?

A

Activated by IFN-gamma secreting Th1 T-cells

TNF-alpha and IL-1

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8
Q

Th17 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

A

TGF-Beta
IL-1
IL-6
IL-23

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9
Q

Th17 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

A

IL-17

IL-22

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10
Q

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th17 T-cells?

A

ROR-gamma-t

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11
Q

What is the main function of Th17 T-cells?

A

Cause Inflammation; more powerful that Th1; cause severe autoimmunity through IL-17

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12
Q

What is the main function of Th1 T-cells?

A

Recognize antigen and make lymphokines to attract M1 macrophages to attack a serious infection

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13
Q

Where do Th17 T-cells play their biggest role?

A

Maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces

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14
Q

Th2 CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

A

IL-4

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15
Q

Th2 CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

A

IL-4
IL-5
IL-13

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16
Q

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Th2 T-cells?

A

GATA3

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17
Q

What is the main function of Th2 T-cells?

A

Alternatively Activates M2 Macrophages to wall-off parasites/pathogens and promote healing; IL-4 attracts eosinophils

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18
Q

Follicular Helper Tfh CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

A

IL-6

IL-21

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19
Q

Follicular Helper Tfh CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

A

IL-4

IL-21

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20
Q

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in follicular helper Tfh T-cells?

A

Bcl-6

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21
Q

What is the main function of the follicular helper Tfh T-cells?

A

Stimulated by antigen to migrate from T-cell areas of lymph nodes into the B-cell follicles, where B-cells are activated and undergo class switching

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22
Q

Treg CD4+ T-Cells are polarized by:

A

IL-2

TGF-Beta

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23
Q

Treg CD4+ T-Cells effector cytokines produced:

A

IL-10

TGF-Beta

24
Q

What master transcription factor generates cytokines in Treg T-cells?

A

FOXP3

25
Q

What is the main function of the Treg T-cells?

A

Suppress activation and function of all other T-cells; known as antihelpers

26
Q

Describe IPEX.

A

Regulatory T-cells are not working properly to turn off the immune response

27
Q

How is the kiss of death or lethal hit initiated y Cytotoxic Killer CD8+ T-cells?

A

Through the Fas (CD95) - Fas (CD95L) ligand interaction, the target cell has been given the signal to undergo apoptosis through DNA fragmentation and nuclear collapse.

28
Q

How are Cytotoxic T-Cells activated?

A

Contact in the lymph node with antigen-presenting dendritic cell and IL-2 from Th1 T-cells

29
Q

What markers on the cell surface of B-cells are used to fluorescently identify them?

A

CD19

CD20

30
Q

What markers on the cell surface of T-cells are used to fluorescently identify them?

A

CD3
CD4
CD8

31
Q

How are T-cells restricted?

A

Only recognize specific antigen on cells that are genetically identical to themselves (MHC)

32
Q

What do APC Dendritic Cells express?

A

High levels MHCII

B7 (co-stimulatory molecule)

33
Q

How must APC macrophages be activated?

A

Phagocytosis to express MHCII

Co-stimulatory molecules

34
Q

What do B-cells express and how must they be activated?

A

MHC II

Antigen binding to antibody prior to co-stimulatory molecules

35
Q

How are TCR activated for signal transduction?

A

CD3 and DC cytokines

36
Q

LFA-1 (leukocyte functional antigen)

A

ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule

37
Q

CD2 bind to?

A

LFA-3

38
Q

Somatic Mutation in T-Cells

A

Addition of 0-6 nucleotides by TdT can be added between the V-D or D-J domains

39
Q

How are T-cells selected?

A

1) Cannot recognize “self”
2) Not recognize free antigen
3) Recognize antigen peptide plus self MHC

40
Q

What is positive selection of T-cells?

A

T-cells must recognize MHC Class I or MHC Class II molecules (self-restriction)

41
Q

What is negative selection of T-cells?

A

T-cells that recognize self-antigens bound to MHC II are killed (T-cells need to be tolerant to self-antigens)

42
Q

What cytokines can be released by CD8+ T-cells?

A

TNF, Perforin, and Granzymes

43
Q

What are the three “classical” MHC Class I gene loci?

A

HLA-A
HLA-B
HLA-C

44
Q

MHC Class I Structure

A

1 transmembrane domain
3 alpha domains
1 B2 Microglobulin (cell surface)

45
Q

What are the MHC II gene loci that encode 2 peptides (alpha subunit and beta subunit)?

A

DP encodes DP aB
DQ encodes DQ aB
DR encodes DR aB

46
Q

What does MHC III produce?

A

Complement Proteins
TNF-alpha and TNF-Beta
Lymphotoxin Beta

47
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Psoriasis
IBD
Reiter’s Syndrome

48
Q

HLA-DR2

A

Narcolepsy
MS
Hay Fever
Lupus

49
Q

HLA-A3/B14

A

Hemochromatosis

50
Q

HLA-DQ2/GQ8

A

Celiac Disease

51
Q

HLA-DR3

A

DM Type 1

Grave’s Disease

52
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM Type 1

RA

53
Q

HLA-B53

A

Malarial Resistance

54
Q

How many different Class I MHC molecules could each cell express?

A

6

55
Q

How many different Class II MHC molecules could each cell express?

A

12 (DP, DQ, DR)

IHO Week 3 (14 decks)

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