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HMS Immunology and Microbiology > T cell mediated immunity II > Flashcards

T cell mediated immunity II Flashcards

1
Q

After an infection is resolved, __% of CTLs undergo apoptosis.

A

After an infection is resolved, ~90%% of CTLs undergo apoptosis.

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2
Q

How Th1 cells activate macrophages

A

IFN-γ production

CD40L

Both promote classical activation

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3
Q

IL‐5

A

A potent eosinophil growth factor and activator

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4
Q

ILCs vs T cells

A

ILCs have no antigen receptor, but have analogous effector functions to TH1, 2, and 17.

NK cells are also ILCs, and are the functional equivalents of CTLs.

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5
Q

T cell memory can last for up to ____ years.

A

T cell memory can last for up to 75 years.

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6
Q

Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh

A
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7
Q

Perforin molecules that diffuse away are inhibited by ___.

A

Perforin molecules that diffuse away are inhibited by plasma lipids.

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8
Q

Pathogen types and associated TH subsets

A
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9
Q

Classical vs Alternative macrophage activation

A
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10
Q

_____ are required for ILC development from a common precursor

A

IL‐15 or IL‐7 are required for ILC development from a common precursor

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11
Q

CTL granule contents

A
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12
Q

At peak after EBV, CMV, HIV infection, ____ % of all T cells in the blood may be specific for just one single viral peptide‐ MHC antigen

A

At peak after EBV, CMV, HIV infection, 25‐ 50 % of all T cells in the blood may be specific for just one single viral peptide‐ MHC antigen

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13
Q

CTL-Target Cell Interaction

A
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14
Q

Bystander cells (e.g. antigen presenting cells) may be protected from CTL-mediated death by expressing _____

A

Bystander cells (e.g. antigen presenting cells) may be protected from CTL-mediated death by expressing specific and irreversible granzyme inhibitors (serpins).

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15
Q

Helper T cell Differentiation

A
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16
Q

TH2 functions

A
17
Q

Development of ILCs

A
18
Q

Clonal expansion of T cells

A
19
Q

The major benefit of CD4 help to CD8 cells is enhanced _____.

A

The major benefit of CD4 help to CD8 cells is enhanced generation of memory CD8 T cells.

20
Q

All TH subsets

A

1, 2, 3, 9, 17, 22, follicular helper, regulatory

21
Q

IL‐22

A

Enhances epithelial barrier function by promoting epithelial cell growth (to repair breaches) and reinforcing tight junctions.

Also increases defensin production.

22
Q

JAK STAT Signaling

A
23
Q

Classical Macrophage Activation

A
24
Q

“licensing” of the DC

A

T cell activation by a DC recpirocally activates the costimulatory activity of the DC, as it has been “liscensed” as a dangerous antigen-carrying DC. This makes subsequent CD4 or CD8 T cell activation easier.

25
Q

IL‐4 and IL‐13

A
  • Mediate class switching to IgE
  • Activate eosinophils, mast cells, basophils
  • enhance gut peristalsis to expel worms
  • induce alternative macrophage activation (IL-10, tissue fibrosis)
  • Sensitizes eosinophils and mast cells
26
Q

_____ may lead to granulomatous inflammation

A

Chronic TH1 responses may lead to granulomatous inflammation

Particularly when the microbe cannot be killed by the phagocyte or ecsapes into its cytoplasm (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

27
Q

Evasion of CTL Surveillence

A
28
Q

Immunologically Relevant STATs

A
29
Q

CD4/CD8 interaction

A
30
Q

Differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into CTLs

A
31
Q

Shared properties of T cells and ILCs

A
32
Q

CTLs secrete the major cytokines ____ and ____.

A

CTLs secrete the major cytokines TNF-αandIFN-γ.

33
Q

The role of ILCs vs that of T cells

A
  • ILCs are innate early responders, already present and ready to respond before prior antigen exposure
  • ILCs do not have clonally distributed antigen receptors and thus are not highly antigen specific
  • ILCs do not contribute to memory responses
34
Q

Life of a CD8+ T Cell

A
35
Q

TH17 functions

A
36
Q

Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes that are not ____ like neutrophils, but instead ____.

A

Eosinophils are circulating granulocytes that are not phagocytic like neutrophils, but instead release proteolytic granule contents.

HMS Immunology and Microbiology (27 decks)

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