T cell activation

Question 1

How are dendritic cells activated to an invader

Answer 1

-Neutrophils/macrophages release TNF
-Viral infection cells- release interferon
-Pattern-recognition receptors (TLR)

Question 2

What is the eye of the T cell

Answer 2

TCR (t cell receptors)

Question 3

What are the 2 forms of T cell receptors

Answer 3

Alpha-beta and gamma-delta

Question 4

How many antigens does a TCR recognize

Answer 4

1

Question 5

What is the most common TCR

Answer 5

alpha-beta

Question 6

What is the traditional TCR

Answer 6

alpha-beta

Question 7

What do the alpha-beta receptors of TCR recognize

Answer 7

both MHC molecule and peptide bound to it

Question 8

what are non-traditional TCRs

Answer 8

gamma-delta

Question 9

What is RAG deficiency

Answer 9

No b cells or T cells- good for studying nk cells or macrophage function, bc studies don’t have lymphocytes (but bad if you’re a person with this)

Question 10

What co-receptor (CD4 or CD8) do non-traditional TCRs have

Answer 10

neither CD4 or CD8

Question 11

Where do you find gamma-delta T cells

Answer 11

intestine, uterus, tongue

Question 12

What percent of T cells are NKT cells

Answer 12

1%

Question 13

What do NKT cells recognize

Answer 13

lipids presented by non-classical MHC molecules

Question 14

What are the components of T cell receptors

Answer 14

alpha-beta (antigen recognition) and CD3 (signaling)

Question 15

co-receptors

Answer 15

CD4 or CD8 (CD4= helper, CD8=cytotoxic)

Question 16

What are intracellular vs extracellular infections in T cells

Answer 16

viruses / cancer, vs Bacteria

Question 17

Which MHC goes with CD4

Answer 17

MHC2

Question 18

Which MHC goes with CD8

Answer 18

MHC1

Question 19

What will TCR binding to antigen cause

Answer 19

Nothing- TCR binding to the antigen alone is not sufficient to activate T cell

Question 20

What causes T cell activation

Answer 20

1. Need PAMPS, DAMPS, TNF from neutrophils- co-stimulation

Question 21

What is one important co-simtulation example

Answer 21

CD28 TCR and B7 antigen

Question 22

How long does the APC need to hold to the T cell to activate it

Answer 22

24 hours

Question 23

What happens if there is no co stimulation vs when you do

Answer 23

No co-stimulation: No t cell response- no response or tolerance
co-stimulation: T cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, has response

Question 24

What does IL2 do and what produces it

Answer 24

-make T cell long lived, develop further
- T cell produces it and it acts on itself (autocrine)

Question 25

What are the 3 things you need for T cell activation

Answer 25

1. Antigen recognition
2. Costimulators
3. IL2

Question 26

How do cytotoxic cells kill invadors

Answer 26

Perforin perforates cell membrane and infuses Granzyme which tells cell to induce apoptosis.
- T cell binds to cell, cell turns itself off, shrivels up and dismembers itself in a non-inflammatory (mostly) way.