SYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY Flashcards
by 2100, there is going to be x people on Earth
11 billion
MAIN ISSUES CAUSED BY PRODUCTION OF RESOURCES PEOPLE USE
- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
- WASTE
GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY BY SOURCE
- SINCE 1965, ENERGY CONSUMPTION HAS INCREASED 3 FOLD, AND THE POPULATION HAS DOUBLED
- 90% OF ENERGY COMES FROM FOSSIL FUELS
MAIN SOURCES: (FROM MOST TO LEAST)
- OIL
- COAL
- GAS
- NUCLEAR
- HYDROPOWER
- WIND
- SOLAR
- BIOFUELS
- OTHER RENEWABLES
THE MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASSES
- CARBON DIOXIDE (FACTORIES ETC)
- METHANE (LIVESTOCK, RICE PRODUCTION ETC)
- NITROUS OXIDE (FROM THE LAND, NATURAL + NITROGEN FERTILIZERS TO PRODUCE FOOD)
WHO IS THE MOST VULNERABLE TO HIGH TEMP EFFECTS?
- THE ELDERLY
- THOSE WITH CVD
- THOSE WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASES
THE WHO ESTIMATES THAT PM (PARTICULATE MATTER) AIR POLLUTION CONTRIBUTES TO APPROX ? PREMATURE DEATHS EACH YEAR
800,000
THIS WOULD RANK AS THE 13TH LEADING CAUSE OF MORTALITY WORLDWIDE
HEALTHCARE IN THE US CONTRIBUTES TO %? OF THE NATION’S GHG EMISSIONS?
AND IN THE UK?
US: CCA 10% (IF THE US HEALTHCARE SECTOR WAS A COUNTRY IN ITSELF IT WOULD RANK 13TH IN THE WORLD FOR GHG EMISSIONS, AHEAD OF THE WHOLE OF THE UK)
UK: 3-4%
GLOBAL FRESHWATER USE IN THE LAST DECADE?
> 4 TRILLION CUBIC METERS
PHYSICAL WATER SCARCITY
- WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IS APPROACHING OR HAS EXCEEDED SUSTAINABLE LIMITS
- > 75% OF THE RIVER FLOWS ARE WITHDRAWN FOR AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES
(NOT ENOUGH RAIN/WATER, NOT ENOUGH WATER AVAILABLE NATURALLY)
APPROACHING PHYSICAL WATER SCARCITY
60% OF THE RIVER FLOWS ARE WITHDRAWN FOR AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES
ECONOMIC WATER SCARCITY
- HUMAN, INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL CAPITAL LIMIT ACCESS TO WATER EVEN THOUGH WATER IN NATURE IS AVAILABLE LOCALLY TO MEET HUMAN DEMANDS
- WATER RESOURCES ARE ABUNDANT RELATIVE TO WATER USE, WITH LESS THAN 25% OF WATER FROM RIVERS WITHDRAWN FOR HUMAN PURPOSES, BUT MALNUTRITION EXISTS
LITTLE OR NO WATER SCARCITY
- ABUNDANT WATER RESOURCES RLATIVE TO USE, WITH LESS THAN 25% OF WATER FROM RIVERS WITHDRAWN FOR HUMAN PURPOSES
FOOD SECURITY CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED TOGETHER WITH:
WATER SECURITY
TOTAL GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY ….. BETWEEN 2010 AND 2050
35% TO 56%
GLOBALLY, ENOUGH FOOD IS PRODUCED TO MEET DEMAND, IN FACT, ENOUGH FOOD IS PRODUCED TO FEED:
10 BILLION PEOPLE
HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE SEVERELY FOOD INSECURE?
12% (928 MIL PEOPLE)
MORE THAN 1/2 OF WORLD’S UNDERNOURISHED ARE FOUND IN ASIA, AND MORE THAN 1/3 IN AFRICA
WHICH DIET USES THE MOST WATER?
AMERICAN STYLE, RED MEAT INTENSIVE (DIETS HIGH IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS)
(5000 LITERS PER PERSON A DAY)
HOW MUCH WATER PER DAY IS USED FOR FOOD OF A VEGETARIAN PERSON?
2500 L
BIOFUELS (ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL) ARE PRODUCED FROM:
WHEAT, MAIZE AND OIL SEEDS
AGRICULTURE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR %? OF GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS (* (+ IT USES THE MAJORITY OF FRESH WATER)
20% OF GLOBAL GREENHOUSE HAS EMISSIONS
(12% DIRECT FOOD PRODUCTION, 8% OF DEFORESTATION)
+ HORRIBLE CONDITIONS FOR FARMERS, FARMSUICIDES
OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT WORLDWIDE?
1.9 BILLION ADULTS OVERWEIGHT, OVER 650 MILLION OBESE
NITROGEN FERTILIZER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUSTAINING ABOUT 1/? OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION?
1/3
HOW MUCH NITROGEN FERTILIZER IS PRODUCED ANNUALLY
120 MILLION TONNES
ROUGHLY 1/? OF FOOD PRODUCED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION IS LOST OR WASTED GLOBALLY
1/3 (ABOUT 1.3 BILLION TONS PER YEAR)
AN ESTIMATED X PEOPLE FALL ILL EVERY YEAR FROM EATING CONTAMINATED FOOS?
600 MIL
420 000 will die, diarrhoeal diseases are the most common
a sustainable system is:
A SYSTEM THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT GENERATION WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS
- REQUIRES THE RECONCILIATION OF ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL DEMANDS (THE ‘3 PILLARS’ OF SUSTAINABILITY)
