REALITIES OF CONFLICT/HEALTH IMPACTS OF CONFLICTS Flashcards
VERTICAL VS HORIZONTAL PH APPROACH
VERTICAL - DISEASE BASED/DISEASE-SPECIFIC, CURE-FOCUSED
HORIZONTAL - LOOKING AT THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE, FOCUS ON A RANGE OF ISSUES, DRIVEN BY THE AFFECTED COMMUNITY
WHAT IS HEALTH (BY WHO)
‘A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND NOT MERELY THE ABSCENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY’
DEFINITION OF AN ARMED CONFLICT?
- THE DEFINITON SOMETIMES CONTENTIOUS, BECAUSE THERE ARE ARMED CONFLICT RULES THAT NEED TO BE OBEYED, SO SOMETIMES AVOIDANCE OF USING THE TERM
DEFINITION:
‘FIGHTING BETWEEN STATES OR PROTRACTED ARMED VIOLENCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES AND ORGANISED ARMED GROUPS OR JUST BETWEEN ORGANISED ARMED GROUPS’
- CAN BE INTERNATIONAL AND NON-INTERNATIONAL (I.E. INTERNAL)
- SOME OVERLAP WITH ‘COMPLEX HUMANITARIAN EMEGENCIES’ (E.G. OUTBREAKS)
SINCE COLD WAR, WHAT’S BEEN HAPPENING WITH CONFLICT GLOBALLY?
CW (1947-91)
LESS CONFLICTS, BUT THEY ARE LONGER AND MORE COMPLEX
DURATION OF AN AVERAGE CONFLICT IN MODERN TIMES?
17 YRS
CONFLICT CASUALTIES?
90% CIVILIANS
% OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY INDIRECTLY RELATED TO CONFLICT (E.G. NOT DIRECT VIOLENT DEATHS, BUT DISEASES ETC)
90%
HOW MANY PEOPLE IN THE WORLD TODAY ARE DISPLACED DUE TO AN ARMED CONFLICT?
- 6 MILLION
43. 1 MIL IDPs AND 22.5 MIL REFUGEES
MOST LONG-TERM REFUGEE SITUATIONS LAST MORE THAN:
20 YRS
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME AS A REFUGEE?
26 YRS
WHAT INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH ARMED CONFLICTS?
- GASTROENTERITIS AND OTHER FOOD/WATER-BORNE INFECTIONS
- MALARIA AND OTHER VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS (VECTOR CONTROL MEASURES STOPPED, ABANDONED BUILDINGS IDEAL BREEDING SITE FOR VECTORS..)
- MEASLES, PERTUSSIS AND OTHER DROPLET-SPREAD INFECTIONS (E.G. MENINGITIS, DUE TO EXCESSIVE CROWDING)
(GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES - CCA 44%, TROPICAL - CCA 20%)
GASTROENTERITIS AND OTHER WATER/FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS DURING CONFLICT - MOST NOTORIOUS AND MOST COMMON?
MOST:
NOTORIOUS: CHOLERA
COMMON: ROTAVIRUS
GASTROENTERITIS AND OTHER WATER/FOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS DURING CONFLICT - DEATHS?
CAUSE OF 25-40% OF DEATHS IN IDP CAMPS, >80% OF THOSE DEATHS IN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 2
ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY FOR CHOLERA?
1L OF WATER, 8 TEASPOONS OF SUGAR, 1 TEASPOON OF SALT
ORAL ROTA VIRUS VACCINE - PROBLEMS?
- USUALLY SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR VERSIONS OF ROTAVIRUS THAT OCCUR IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, RATHER THAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, BECAUSE IT IS OFTEN MORE PROFITABLE
1 IN HOW MANY MATERNAL DEATHS OCCU IN AREAS WHERE HELTH SERVICES ARE DISRUPTED BY CONFLICT?
1/3
HOW MANY CHILDREN IN THE WORLD LIVE IN AREAS AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT?
> 1 BILLION (1 IN 6)
HOW MANY CHILD DEATHS OCCUR IN AREAS WHERE HEALTH SERVICES ARE DISRUPTED BY CONFLICT?
1/2
MOST COMMON CHILD HEALTH PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT AFFECTED AREAS?
- DIARRHOEAL ILLNESSES
- ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
- MEASLES
- MALARIA
- MALNUTRITION
CHRONIC DISEASES AND ARMED CONFLICT
ACUTE PROBLEMS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES CAN OCCUR:
- SICKLE CELL DISEASE (‘SICKLE CELL CRISIS’), OFTEN OCCUR WHEN ONE IS STRESSED, DEHYDRATED, MALNOURISHED ETC
- LACK OF MEDICATION FOR ASTHMA, DIABETES, EPILEPSY AND HEART DISEASE
LONG TERM IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CVD AND CANCER IS UNPROVEN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
SOMETIMES, HEALTH INDICATORS IMPROVE DURING ARMED CONFLICTS (E.G. DURING AN ARMED CONFLICT IN NEPAL FROM 1996-2006, 16/19 HEALTH INDICATORS IMPROVED). THESE INDIRECT!!! BENEFITS POSSIBLY OCCUR DUE TO:
- HEALTHCARE SYSTEM SPARED BY BOTH SIDES FOR POLITICAL REASONS
- IMPROVED FOCUS AND CO-ORDINATION ON HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
- INTERNATIONAL HEALTHCARE ENGAGEMENT!!! WITH DISADVANTAGED GROUPS
- IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE IN REMOTE RURAL AREAS AFFECTED
(IMPROVEMENT IS EXCEPTION NOT A RULE!!!)
