CONFLICT CBL CASE Flashcards
SLIGHTING?
Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative or social structures. This destruction of property sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape.
Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS)
Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) are a group of countries or territories which are categorised by the World Bank’s Fragile, Conflict and Violence group according to their financial and security status, with an updated list being released annually.
Aquatabs?
Aquatabs Water Purification Tablet
The World’s Leading Water Purification Tablet
With over 1 billion tablets sold every year, Aquatabs® are the world’s no.1 water purification tablets. These effervescent tablets kill micro-organisms in water to prevent cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other water borne diseases.
Access to clean water is a fundamental human right and the key to a sustainable future, as enshrined in SDG 6.
If wastewater is consumed or used in agricultural processes, the impact on human health, ecosystems and biodiversity is considerable.
We provide products that enable people, communities and facilities around the world to ensure a safe, clean supply of water so that they can live full lives.
How many people don’t have access to clean water?
12% of the world’s population has no access to clean water.
844+ million people
Cholera kit?
For several years, agencies supporting preparedness and response to cholera outbreaks have supplied medicines and medical devices through the Interagency Diarrhoeal Disease Kits (IDDK).
In an effort to better align the presentation and content of the kits to field needs, the composition of the cholera kits has been reviewed by WHO and its partners in 2015 and again in 2020.
The revised cholera kits 2020 are designed to help prepare for a potential cholera outbreak and to support the first month of the initial response for 100 cases. The overall package consists of six different kits, each divided in several modules.
- CENTRAL REFERENCE KIT
- PERIPHERY KIT
- COMMUNITY KIT
- HARDWARE KIT
- INVESTIGATION KIT
- LABORATORY KIT/CHECKLIST
CHOLERA CENTRAL REFERENCE KIT
Includes treatment for 100 patients: 80 severe and 20 moderate cases
CHOLERA PERIPHERY KIT?
Includes treatment for 100 patients: 40 extreme and 60 moderate cases
CHOLERA COMMUNITY KIT?
Includes re-hydration for 100 patients - 100 moderate cases
CHOLERA LABORATORY KIT/CHECKLIST?
Includes laboratory supplies for 100 samples
WHAT IS AN ‘IMPROVED’ SANITATION FACILITY?
An improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. It is not necessarily identical with sustainable sanitation. The opposite of “improved sanitation” has been termed “unimproved sanitation”.
CHOLERA?
- CAUSED BY Vibrio cholerae
Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Left untreated, cholera can be fatal within hours, even in previously healthy people. Modern sewage and water treatment have virtually eliminated cholera in industrialized countries.
The risk of a cholera epidemic is highest when poverty, war or natural disasters force people to live in crowded conditions without adequate sanitation.
Cholera is easily treated. Death from severe dehydration can be prevented with a simple and inexpensive rehydration solution.
CHOLERA TREATMENT
Treatment
Cholera requires immediate treatment because the disease can cause death within hours.
Rehydration. The goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes using a simple rehydration solution, oral rehydration salts (ORS). The ORS solution is available as a powder that can be made with boiled or bottled water.
Without rehydration, approximately half the people with cholera die. With treatment, fatalities drop to less than 1%.
Intravenous fluids. Most people with cholera can be helped by oral rehydration alone, but severely dehydrated people might also need intravenous fluids.
Antibiotics. While not a necessary part of cholera treatment, some antibiotics can reduce cholera-related diarrhea and shorten how long it lasts in severely ill people.
Zinc supplements. Research has shown that zinc might decrease diarrhea and shorten how long it lasts in children with cholera.
COMMUNITY BASED SURVEILLANCE
Community-based surveillance occurs when members of a community actively participate in detecting, reporting, responding to and monitoring health events in their community. Information discovered during surveillance should be shared with the local branch and health authorities.
DRR AND SDGs
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an integral part of social and economic development, and is essential if development is to be sustainable for the future.
30 INNOVATIONS LINKING DRR WITH SDGs (examples from the publication)
- Mobile Clinics. Mobile clinics consist of traveling health practitioners who provide basic healthcare services to communities in inaccessible areas and are particularly vulnerable to disasters. Besides providing primary health services, Mobile Clinics also facilitate disaster risk reduction training, promote reproductive health and family-planning,
immunization and many others health services. Mobile clinics overcome barriers to access and build trust to reduce disparities, minimize health risks and reduce healthcare costs. - A small-scale reservoir, in parallel with direct intake
from rivers and abstraction from wells/springs, have been utilized since ancient times as an effective water resources development method. Today, small-scale reservoirs serve multiple benefits. Water that is stored in a reservoir in rainy season is used in dry season by adapting to seasonal changes in precipitation and river discharge and mitigating drought impacts. Many small-scale reservoirs are utilized to supply
irrigation and livestock water as well as drinking and domestic water. They may be also utilized for microhydropower generation. Moreover, they can play a role
as a flood regulation pond to temporarily store flood water. Small-scale reservoirs especially in urban areas are put to practical use for not only flood measures
and rainwater harvesting but also a biotope of natural ecosystem that a wide variety of creatures live in. - Numerous games have been developed to teach, engage and involve children in disaster risk reduction. The games are designed to educate children about how best to prepare themselves for multiple disasters by providing an opportunity
to participate in a variety of activities including hazard and threat identification, drills, evacuation planning, home adjustments, search and rescue training, and risk communication. As agents of change, it is hoped that children can in turn, share
this knowledge and educate their family and wider communities. Examples include the “Tsukumor ExpeditionEscape the Disaster Island”, an original board game in which the player becomes a member of the Tsukumol expedition team, and must escape
from an island facing numerous disasters. A similar DRR board game called Riskland, was developed in Viet Nam. Similar to “snakes and ladders” (known as “chutes and ladders” in some countries) the Vietnamese adaptation includes illustrations from
schoolchildren that depict local geography to teach about climate change and local environmental threats, such as flooding and winds. - Museums/Memorials for Disaster Risk Reduction..
- Sustainable Agriculture Kits for Terrace Agriculture .
- Earthquake Guard: Earthquake Early Warning System
- Disability-inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction ..
TEARFUND?
Tearfund is a Christian charity with over 50 years of experience in international development. We believe that poverty is not God’s plan, and an end to extreme poverty is possible.
We work directly, and/or alongside local partners and churches, in underserved communities in more than 50 countries to tackle complex poverty in three main ways:
Humanitarian response
We respond quickly to disasters and conflicts, supporting those in greatest need throughout the recovery process.
Community development
We partner with local churches and organisations, mobilising resources and empowering communities to lift themselves out of poverty.
Advocacy and influencing
We help individuals and churches speak out on issues of poverty and injustice, and we challenge unjust policies and practices at a local, national and global level.
