Systems Survey Vocabulary Flashcards
the part of the pharynx between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis.
Oropharynx
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; any of various lung diseases leading to poor pulmonary aeration, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
COPD
a chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs characterized by abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the tissue lining the walls of the air spaces.
Emphysema
the drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation.
Inspiration
A temporary suspension of breathing, occurring in some newborns and in some adults during sleep.
Apnea
the part of the pharynx behind and above the soft palate, directly continuous with the nasal passages.
Nasopharynx
The lower part of the pharynx, above the larynx.
Laryngopharynx
the partition separating the right and left thoracic cavities, formed of the two inner pleural walls, and, in humans, comprising all the viscera of the thorax except the lungs.
Mediastinum
a paroxysmal, often allergic disorder of respiration, characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, and difficulty in expiration, often accompanied by coughing and a feeling of constriction in the chest.
Asthma
the act of expiring, or breathing out; emission of air from the lungs. Also another word for death.
Expiration
acute or chronic inflammation of the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, caused by respiratory infection or exposure to bronchial irritants, as cigarette smoke.
Bronchitis
organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.
Lipids
the double-layered membrane of the peritoneum that supports most organs in the abdominal cavity.
Mesentery
3 mucosa-covered lobes projections or lobes in the nasal cavity
Conchae
membrane that forms the linings of body cavities open to the exterior (digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts).
Mucosa
the serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs.
Peritoneum
fingerlike projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption.
Villi
a polypeptide hormone, produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, that regulates the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients.
Insulin
a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release.
Gastrin
irritable bowel syndrome; any combination of common disturbances of the bowel, as diarrhea or constipation, occurring with abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by psychological stress.
IBS
any of the class of proteins that contain a lipid combined with a simple protein.
Lipoproteins
the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
Metabolism
the waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs; propels substances along the tract.
Peristalsis
the tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption.
Microvilli
a greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine.
Bile
any of several digestive enzymes that break down starches.
Amylase
an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in an acid pH.
Pepsin
an uneasy burning sensation in the stomach, typically extending toward the esophagus, and sometimes associated with the eructation of an acid fluid.
Heartburn
the selective uptake into the bloodstream of substances previously filtered out of the blood.
Reabsorption
increased discharge of urine.
Diuresis
the accumulation of excessive ketones in the body, as in diabetic acidosis.
Ketosis
A compound present in mammalian urine in small amounts, and the principal nitrogenous component of the excrement of reptiles and birds, that in the form of its salts occurs in the joints in gout and as the major constituent of kidney stones.
Uric acid
an inflammation of the urinary bladder.
Cystitis
urination, or voiding; emptying the bladder.
Micturition
increased urine production caused by inadequate secretion of vasopressin by the pituary gland.
Diabetes insipidus
The relative concentrations of ions in the body’s extracellular and intracellular fluids, especially those produced from ionized salts.
Electrolyte balance
the main nitrogen-containing waste excreted in the urine.
Urea
a crystalline end product of creatine metabolism, C 4 H 7 N 3 O, occurring in urine, muscle, and blood.
Creatinine
a condition resulting from the retention in the blood of constituents normally excreted in the urine.
Uremia
Animal wastes (particularly urine) that contain materials high in nitrogen content.
Nitrogenous wastes
male or female sex cell (sperm/egg).
Gametes
a malignant tumor of the male gland that produces components of semen; a disease in which cells of the prostate gland become abnormal and start to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors
Prostate gland
an immature egg cell of the animal ovary; in humans, one oocyte matures during the menstrual cycle, becoming an ootid and then an ovum, while several others partially mature and then disintegrate.
Oocyte
any of several major female sex hormones produced primarily by the ovarian follicles of female mammals, capable of inducing estrus, developing and maintaining secondary female sex characteristics, and preparing the uterus for the reception of a fertilized egg: used, especially in synthetic form, as a component of oral contraceptives, in certain cancer treatments, and in other therapies.
Estrogen
a benign tumour, composed of fibrous and muscular tissue, occurring in the wall of the uterus and often causing heavy menstruation
Fibroids
the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing, usually only after fertilization, into a new individual.
Ova
ductless gland developed within the ovary by the reorganization of a Graafian follicle following ovulation.
Corpus luteum
follicle-stimulating hormone: a peptide, produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, that regulates the development of the Graafian follicle in the female and stimulates the production of spermatozoa in the male.
FSH
abnormal growth or development of cells, tissue, bone, or an organ.
Dysplasia
mature male sex cell.
Sperm
either of two small saclike glands, located on each side of the bladder in males, that add nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation.
Seminal vesicles
luteinizing hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that, in the female, stimulates maturation of the ovarian follicle and formation of the corpus luteum: chemically identical to ICSH of the male.
LH
the viscid, whitish fluid produced in the male reproductive organs, containing spermatozoa.
Semen
sex hormone; secreted by the testes, that stimulates the development of male sex organs, secondary sexual traits, and sperm
Testosterone
the presence of uterine lining in other pelvic organs, especially the ovaries, characterized by cyst formation, adhesions, and menstrual pains.
Endometriosis
a polypeptide hormone, produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, that stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus.
Oxytocin
