Chapters 2-3 Vocab Flashcards
the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base.
Acid
a substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid.
Base
organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose.
Carbohydrate
a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body.
Enzyme
organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.
Lipid
class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA.
Nucleic acid
the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH
a complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells.
Protein
(1) a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell; (2) cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord.
Nucleus
The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
Nuclear membrane
the structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).
Chromatin
arlike body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.
Chromosome
Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the exposed surface of the cell in order to increase the surface area for absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, or mechanotransduction
Microvilli
the substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The liquid component of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles and other insoluble cytoplasmic structures in an intact cell where a wide variety of cell processes take place.
Cytosol
the rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation.
Mitochondria
cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
Ribosomes
a membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; involved in adding carbohydrates to proteins, packaging of molecules like proteins into vesicles for secretion, transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes
The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement.
Cytoskeleton
a minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division.
Centrioles
Almost exclusively used to refer to a nucleotide sequence that directs the synthesis of a sequence complementary to it by the rules of Watson crick base pairing. A molecule that provides the structural mould to create similar molecules.
Template
biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information.
Gene
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis.
Anticodon
A type of animal tissue made up of densely packed cells that rest on a basement membrane to act as a covering or lining of various bodily surfaces and cavities
Epithelial tissue
an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination.
Gland
nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cells.
Extracellular matrix
cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
Tendons
a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones.
Ligaments
