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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapters 2-3 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapters 2-3 Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy.

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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1
Q

a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base.

A

Acid

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2
Q

a substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid.

A

Base

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3
Q

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose.

A

Carbohydrate

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4
Q

a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body.

A

Enzyme

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5
Q

organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.

A

Lipid

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6
Q

class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA.

A

Nucleic acid

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7
Q

the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

A

pH

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8
Q

a complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells.

A

Protein

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9
Q

(1) a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell; (2) cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

The double-layered membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear membrane

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11
Q

the structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes).

A

Chromatin

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12
Q

arlike body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division.

A

Chromosome

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13
Q

Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the exposed surface of the cell in order to increase the surface area for absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion, or mechanotransduction

A

Microvilli

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14
Q

the substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

The liquid component of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles and other insoluble cytoplasmic structures in an intact cell where a wide variety of cell processes take place.

A

Cytosol

16
Q

the rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation.

A

Mitochondria

17
Q

cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

A

Ribosomes

18
Q

a membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; involved in adding carbohydrates to proteins, packaging of molecules like proteins into vesicles for secretion, transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

20
Q

organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

21
Q

The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intracellular organization, and in cell movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

22
Q

a minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division.

A

Centrioles

23
Q

Almost exclusively used to refer to a nucleotide sequence that directs the synthesis of a sequence complementary to it by the rules of Watson crick base pairing. A molecule that provides the structural mould to create similar molecules.

A

Template

24
Q

biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information.

A

Gene

25
Q

A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis.

A

Anticodon

26
Q

A type of animal tissue made up of densely packed cells that rest on a basement membrane to act as a covering or lining of various bodily surfaces and cavities

A

Epithelial tissue

27
Q

an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination.

A

Gland

28
Q

nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cells.

A

Extracellular matrix

29
Q

cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

A

Tendons

30
Q

a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones.

A

Ligaments

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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