Chapter 6 Vocab Muscles

Question 0

a chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings.

Answer 0

Acetylcholine

Question 1

Moving a limb away from the midline, or median plane of the body.

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

a contractile protein.

Answer 2

Actin

Question 3

an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity.

Answer 3

Action potential

Question 4

Movement of a limb toward the body midline; opposite of abduction.

Answer 4

Adduction

Question 5

respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.

Answer 5

Aerobic respiration

Question 6

metabolic process in which glucose, a sugar molecule, is broken down without the use of oxygen.

Answer 6

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 7

muscles that act in opposition to an agonist or prime mover.

Answer 7

Antagonists

Question 8

fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves.

Answer 8

Aponeurosis

Question 9

Unique high energy molecule that helps you make ATP

Answer 9

Creatine phosphate

Question 10

up and down movement that includes lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin (standing on your heels).

Answer 10

Dorsiflexion

Question 11

movement that increases the angle of a joint, e.g., straightening a flexed knee.

Answer 11

Extension

Question 12

muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone; fixes the origin of a muscle so that muscle action can be exerted at the insertion.

Answer 12

Fixators

Question 13

bending; the movement that decreases the angle between bones.

Answer 13

Flexion

Question 14

the movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin.

Answer 14

Insertion

Question 15

the product of anaerobic metabolism, especially in muscle.

Answer 15

Lactic acid

Question 16

a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies.

Answer 16

Motor unit

Question 17

contractile organelles found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells.

Answer 17

Myofibrils

Question 18

one of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle.

Answer 18

Myosin

Question 19

Nerve muscle; it contains vesicles with neurotransmitters; the region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell.

Answer 19

Neuromuscular junction

Question 20

chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them.

Answer 20

Neurotransmitter

Question 21

attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.

Answer 21

Origin

Question 22

the volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercise.

Answer 22

Oxygen debt

Question 23

Depressing the foot, or pointing the toes

Answer 23

Plantar flexion

Question 24

The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement; agonist

Answer 24

Prime mover

Question 25

the inward rotation of the forearm causing the radius to cross diagonally over the ulna—palms face posteriorly.

Answer 25

Pronation

Question 26

the outward rotation of the forearm causing palms to face anteriorly.

Answer 26

Supination

Question 27

the fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons.

Answer 27

Synaptic cleft

Question 28

muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a desired movement.

Answer 28

Synergists

Question 29

cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.

Answer 29

Tendons