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Health Psychology > Systems of The Body > Flashcards

Systems of The Body Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

Network of interconnected fibers that functions to regulate body functions

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2
Q

2 branches of the nervous system

A

Central

Peripheral

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3
Q

Central NS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

2 branches of the peripheral NS

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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5
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary- Connects nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and gives brain sensory information

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6
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Involuntary- Connects Central NS with internal organs

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7
Q

2 branches of the autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Prepares body to respond to emergencies and fear

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9
Q

Catabolic

A

Mobilization and exertion of energy– Sympathetic NS

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10
Q

Anabolic

A

Brings body back to a normal state– Parasympathetic NS

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11
Q

3 parts of the hindbrain

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum

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12
Q

Medulla

A

Above where spinal cord enters skull– Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration

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13
Q

Pons

A

Link between hindbrain and midbrain, controls respiration

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14
Q

Cerebellum

A

Voluntary muscle movement, balance, muscle tone, posture

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15
Q

Midbrain

A

Coordination of visual and auditory reflexes

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16
Q

2 sections of the forebrain

A

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

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17
Q

Diencephalon

A

Composed of thalamus and hypothalamus

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18
Q

Thalamus

A

Recognition of sensory stimuli and relay of sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

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19
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulate centres in the medulla- Regulate water balance, appetite and sex drive

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20
Q

Telencephalon

A

Left and right hemispheres of cerebral cortex

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21
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Intelligence, memory, personality

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22
Q

4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Occipital
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal

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23
Q

Limbic system

A

Border midline and control stress and emotional response

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24
Q

Amygdala

A

Threat detection

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25
Q

Hippocampus

A

Emotional memories

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26
Q

Catecholamines

A

Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine by sympathetic NS

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27
Q

How many Canadians will have a nervous system disorder

A

1/3

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28
Q

Epilepsy

A

Idiopathic CNS disorder, treated by medication and behaviour intervention

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29
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Non progressive disorder causing loss of motor control

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30
Q

Alzheimers

A

Progressive and degenerative disease of the brain

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31
Q

Parkinsons

A

Progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia, possibly caused by dopamine depletion

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32
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Group of nuclei controlling smooth motor coordination

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33
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Degenerative disease causing paralysis, blindness and deafness

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34
Q

Cause of MS

A

Degeneration of myelin

35
Q

Huntingtons

A

Hereditary disease of CNS characterized by mental and physical deterioration

36
Q

Endocrine system

A

Ductless glands secrete hormones into blood

37
Q

2 regulators of the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

38
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior

Posterior

39
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Secretes hormones responsible for growth

40
Q

4 anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

STH
Gonadotropic
TSH
ACTH

41
Q

Somatotropic hormones

A

Regulate bone, muscle and organ development

42
Q

Gonadotropic hormones

A

Growth and secretion of gonads

43
Q

Thyrotropic hormones

A

Growth and secretion of thyroid gland

44
Q

Adrenocortico- tropic hormones

A

Growth and secretion of cortex region of adrenal glands

45
Q

Posterior Pituitary gland

A

Produces oxytocin which control contractions during labour and lactation

46
Q

Vassopressin

A

Antidiuretic (ADH) Water absorbing ability of kidneys

47
Q

Adrenal glands

A

2 small glands on top of each kidney

48
Q

2 parts of the adrenal gland

A

Cortex

Medulla

49
Q

Hormones released by adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

50
Q

How many more aboriginals have diabetes

51
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Autoimmune disorder caused by early viral infection

52
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Insufficient or insensitivity to insulin caused by obesity

53
Q

Direct transmission

A

Bodily contact

54
Q

Indirect transmission

A

Microbes passed via airborn particles, water, soil, food

55
Q

Biological transmission

A

Transmitting agent picks up microbe, changes it so it can grow in the body and then passes it to the human

56
Q

Mechanical transmision

A

Carrier not directly involved in disease process such as mice or dirty hands

57
Q

3 things that determine whether microbes will cause infection

A

Number of organisms
Virulence of organisms
Body’s defensive powers

58
Q

Virulence

A

Aggressiveness (resist defense) and toxigenicity (produce poisons to spread through body)

59
Q

4 phases of infection

A

Incubation
Non specific symptoms
Acute
Decline

60
Q

Localized infection

A

Remains at original site and doesnt spread

61
Q

Focal infection

A

Confined but toxins spread to other parts of body

62
Q

Systemic infection

A

Affects many areas and body symptoms

63
Q

Secondary infections

A

Occur when body’s resistance is lowered while fighting primary infection

64
Q

Immunity

A

Body’s resistance to injury from invading organisms

65
Q

Non specific immune mechanisms

A

General set of responses to any kind of infection or disorder

66
Q

Specific immune mechanisms

A

Acquired after birth, usually by exposure, to fight specific organisms

67
Q

4 non specific immune mechanisms

A

Anatyomical barriers
Phagocytosis
Antimicrobial substances
Inflammatory response

68
Q

Phagocytosis

A

White blood cells ingest microbes

69
Q

Histamine

A

Released during inflammation– increase capillary permeability

70
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Mediated by B lymphocytes to protect against bacterial infections that have not yet infected cells

71
Q

2 differentiations of B lymphocytes

A

Mature– secrete antibodies

Resting- Memory cells wait to be stimulated

72
Q

Cell Mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes from thymus gland secrete chemicals only after cells have already been infected

73
Q

2 T lymphocyte cell types

A 
Cytotoxic T (CT)
Helpher T (TH)
74
Q

3 components of lymphatic system

A

Capillaries
Vessels
Nodes

75
Q

Spleen

A

Produce B and T cells, filter bacteria, store and release blood

76
Q

Tonisils

A

Patches of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx

77
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of spleen from infectious disease

78
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Unusually large number of monocytes

79
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumour of lymphatic tissue

80
Q

Sympathetic activation

A

Stimulates adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamines

81
Q

HPA activation

A

adrenal cortex releases cortisol

82
Q

Cortisol

A

Conserve carbs, reduce inflammation

83
Q

When are cortisol levels the highest

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