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Health Psychology > Chapters 4-9 > Flashcards

Chapters 4-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Amount of canadians that will die of cancer

A

1/4

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2
Q

Most common cancer

A

Breast

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3
Q

Frequency of mammagrams

A

2-3 years

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4
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen Test

A

Blood test for prostate cancer

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5
Q

2nd highest cause of cancer death

A

Colorectal

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6
Q

% that are moderately active

A

49%

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7
Q

Most inactive gender

A

Women

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8
Q

Needed amount of activity each week

A

150 min

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9
Q

5 stages of sleep

A

Theta waves
Sleep spindles and K complex waves
Delta waves (deep sleep)
Beta waves (REM sleep)

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10
Q

Ghrelin

A

Promotes appetite

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11
Q

Leptin

A

Signals fullness

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12
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Air pipe blockage that disrupts sleep

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13
Q

5 steps of behaviour change

A 
Specify problem behaviour
Gather baseline data
Design modification program
Execute program
Evaluate effectiveness
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14
Q

Overt

A

Something we do or don’t do

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15
Q

Covert

A

Cognitions and emotions

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16
Q

3 things involved in self monitoring

A

Initial response level of problem behaviour
Antecedents
Consequences

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17
Q

Satiation

A

Reinforcer loses motivation power

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18
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforce closer and closer approximations to desired behaviours

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19
Q

% of teens that smoke regularly

A

10%

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20
Q

Experimenters

A

Smoke 5 or fewer cigarettes a day. Have protective factors to prevent them form smoking heavily

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21
Q

3 Neurotransmitters that enhance memory

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin

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22
Q

Social Influence Intervention

A

Children smoke through modelling of others

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23
Q

Behavioural Inoculation

A

Exposure to a weak version of a persuasive message may help develop counterarguments so that a stronger version of the message can be successfully resisted

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24
Q

3 components to social influence intervention

A

Info on the negative effects is constructed to appeal to adolescents
Non smoker is conveyed as self-reliant and independent
Peer group used to facilitate non- smoking

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25
Q

2 ways to define stress

A 
Environmental stimulus (stressor)
Response to a stressor
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26
Q

Walter Cannon

A

SAM

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27
Q

SAM

A

Sympathetic NS
Endocrine System (Adrenal medulla)
Secretion of catecholamines that arouse body

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28
Q

Hans Selye

A

Father of stress response

Effects of prolonged stress– GAS model

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29
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm– body is aroused and mobilized
Resistance– Adapts to stress, increased immunity
Exhaustion– Energy resources are depleted

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30
Q

Hypothalamic- Pituitary- Adrenocortical System

A

Adrenal cortex releases corticosteroids to provide energy for fight or flight

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31
Q

Stress as a process

A

Continuous transactions between person and environment

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32
Q

Stress

A

Condition when person-environment transactions lead to a perceived discrepancy between situational demands and person’s biopsychosocial resources for coping with demands

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33
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

What does this event mean to me? (Good, bad, neutral)

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34
Q

Negative appraisal

A

Harm
Threat
Challenge

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35
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Are resources sufficient to meet demands of stressor

36
Q

Coping

A

Efforts to manage perceived discrepancy between appraised demands and resources

37
Q

Overt coping

A

Action oriented

38
Q

Covert coping

A

Psychological processes

39
Q

Problem focused coping

A

Control the stressful event. Reduce demands and increase resources

40
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

Control our emotional response when we can’t change the situation

41
Q

Rational Emotive Therapy

A

Stress results from irrational beliefs

42
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

Reduce stress by changing irrational beliefs

43
Q

ABCD Model

A

Activating the environmental event
Irrational Beliefs
Emotional consequences
Disputing beliefs and replacing them with rational beliefs

44
Q

3 criticisms of the GAS model

A

Limited role of psychological factors
Assumes stress response is uniform
Says stress is an outcome not a process

45
Q

Tend and Befriend

A

Humans respond to stress with social and nurturant behaviour– seek social support

46
Q

Neurotransmitter released in tend and befriend

A

Oxytocin

47
Q

Harm

A

Damage that has already been done by event

48
Q

Threat

A

Possible future damage

49
Q

Challenge

A

Potential to overcome or even profit from stress event

50
Q

Allostatic Load

A

Accumulating adverse effects of stress in conjunction with pre- existing risks, on biological stress regulatory systems

51
Q

Acute Stress Paradigm

A

Person goes through moderately stressful activities in a lab so that changes in emotional and physiological functioning can be assessed

52
Q

Holmes and Rahe

A

Substantial adjustment to environment induces stress

53
Q

Lazarus

A

Daily hassles scale

54
Q

Role Conflict

A

Person receives conflicting info about work tasks and standards by different individuals

55
Q

Stress Moderator

A

Modify how stress is experienced and the effect it has

56
Q

Negative Affectivity

A

Chronic bad mood

57
Q

Psychological Control

A

Belief you can determine your behaviour and bring about desired outcomes

58
Q

Approach coping

A

Engage in cognitive/ emotional efforts to deal with long term threats

59
Q

Avoidant Coping

A

Deal better with short- term threats

60
Q

Emotional approach coping

A

Focusing on and working through emotions experienced in conjunction with a stressor

61
Q

5 tasks of coping

A

Reduce harmful environmental conditions and enhance prospect of recovery
Tolerate or adjust to negative events
Maintain positive self image
Maintain emotional equilibrium
Continue satisfying relationships with others

62
Q

Tangible assistance

A

Material support from others

63
Q

Direct effects hypothesis

A

Social support is beneficial during both stressful and non stressful periods

64
Q

Buffering hypothesis

A

Benefits are chiefly evident during periods of high stress

65
Q

Dyadic coping

A

Interplay of stress experienced by one partner and the coping reactions of the other

66
Q

Matching hypothesis

A

Match between one’s needs and what they receive from their social network

67
Q

Mindfulness Based stress reduction

A

Training in meditation to help people self- regulate stress reactions and negative emotions

68
Q

Secondary intervention

A

Stopping an illness after it develops

69
Q

3 types of sensory receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Pain receptors

70
Q

5 psychological factors in perceiving symptoms

A 
Focus of attention
Cognitive set
Expectations
Emotions
Prior learning
71
Q

Cognitive set

A

More likely to perceive symptoms when your’e thinking of them

72
Q

Illness schema

A

Representations allow us to extract meaning from symptoms

73
Q

3 sources of illness representations

A

Semantic associations with disease names
Past experiences with different illnesses
Information from others

74
Q

Lay referral network

A

Informal network of family and friends

75
Q

Psychological reactance

A

We have a free set of behaviours we feel we have the ability and right to perform. When they are threatened or eliminated it causes psychological reactance

76
Q

5 factors influencing the magnitude of psychological reactance

A

Magnitude of threat
Importance of free behaviour
Confidence that we possess free behaviour
Threat is perceived as unjustified or illegitimate
Available alternatives to threatened behaviour

77
Q

Worried Well

A

Perceive minor symptoms as serious. Committed to self- care

78
Q

Somaticizers

A

Express their psychological distress through bodily symptoms

79
Q

Secondary Gains

A

Benefits from illness that reinforce it and prevent a person form returning to health

80
Q

Appraisal delay

A

Time to decide if the symptom is serious

81
Q

Illness delay

A

Time between recognition of illness and seeking treatment

82
Q

Behavioural Delay

A

Time between deciding to seek treatment and actually doing it

83
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Results from exposure to disease in a hospital setting

84
Q

Burnout

A

Emotional exhaustion, cynicism, low job self- efficacy

85
Q

Nurse practitioner

A

RN that can order tests and prescribe drugs

Health Psychology (7 decks)

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