Psychoneuroimmunology Flashcards
5 key issues in healthy aging
Physical activity
Healthy eating
Prevention of falls
Tobacco control
% of nursing home residents with behaviour problems
45%
Populations least likely to experience healthy aging
Women and low SES
Amount of aboriginals reporting good health
1/2
3 goals of healthcare delivery
Improve health care access
Improve quality of care
Narrow inequality gap
% of people who experience injury from healthcare
23%
Psychoneuroimmunology
Interactions among behavioural, neuroendocrine and immunological processes of adaptation
2 approaches to assess immunocompetence
Counting T, B, NK cells and lymphokines
Assess function of immune cells
Immunocompetence
Indicators of good immune functioning
Immunocompromise
Immune functioning is disrupted or below normal level
Short term stress
Leads to increased NK cells and lymphocyte count
Decrease in specific immunity
Long term stress
Shifts from cellular to humoral immunity
Autoimmune Disease
Immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, falsely identifying them as invaders– 80% of cases are women
3 Self-efficacy effects on immunocompetence
Reduce experience of stress itself
Reduce tendency to develop depression in response to stress
Expectancy-based CNS modulation of immune function
HIV
Human Immunodeficency Virus: Retrovirus that attacks helper T cells and macrophages
Who is most at risk of AIDS
Women
First AIDS symptoms
Swollen glands and minor flu symptoms
CNS symptoms of AIDS
Depression, concentration problems, psychomotor retardation
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Combination of antiretroviral medications– Protease inhibitors
Magical thinking
Over react to casual contact with HIV people, under react to their own risk behaviours
Natural immunity
Born with it
Acquired Immunity
From previous experiences with illness
Artificial immunity
Vaccinations
Antigens
Foreign substances that have invaded body
2 types of threats
Antigens
Cells that re not behaving normally
Non-specific immunity
Attacks everything that looks unusual
Phagocytes
Scavengers that engulf and digest antigens before they infect cells
Natural Killer Cells
Attack and destroy infected (cancerous) cells
Specific Immunity
Attack specific threats that have been encountered before
2 types of specific immunity
Humoral
Cell- mediated
Humoral Immunity
Detects previously encountered antigens while still in body fluids
2 cells in humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
Memory B cells
B lymphocytes
Produce antibodies to slow antigens so they can be consumed by phagocytes
Memory B cells
Remember previously encountered antigens
Cell mediated immunity
Fights infected cells
4 types of T- lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity
Killer T cells
Memory T cells
Helper T cells
Suppressor T cells
Killer T cells
Directly attack problem cells
Memory T cells
Remember attack and quickly respond if it attacks again
Helper T cells
Signals B and T cells to produce rapidly
Suppressor T cells
Stop production of B and T cells to bring body back to baseline
Ader
Paired Saccharine with Drug C
Classical conditioning made S suppress immune system as Drug C had
When were the first AIDS cases
1970s
of AIDS cases in 1981 and 1984
50
4900
Gatean Dugas
Flight attendant linked to 40 patients– kaposi sarcoma
Pro virus
Enters host cell, DNA copies into RNA, RNA tells host cell to keep producing viral DNA
UWO sexually active
M: 85%
W: 81%
Retrovirus
Enters host cell, RNA copies itself into DNA, DNA integrates into host DNA and host replicates viral RNA
Reverse Transcription
RNA is copied into DNA–lots of mutation
protein that HIV attacks
CD4
Cells with CD4
Helper T celsl
Low risk fluids
Sweat, tears, urine, feces
High risk fluids
Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, mother’s milk, spinal fluid
IMB model
Information
Motivation
Behavioural Skills
For preventative behaviours
Erotophiles
Comfortable about sex
Erotophobes
Uncomfortable about sex and more likely to contract HIV
