Health Behaviours Flashcards
Health promotion
Enabling people to increase control over and improve their own health
Health behaiours
Undertaken by people to enhance or maintain health
Health habit
Firmly established health related behaviours that are performed automatically
7 important health habits
Sleep 7-8 hours No smoking Eat breakfast No more than 2 alcoholic beverages Exercise No snacking No more than 10% overweight
Mortality rates after 10 years- 3 habits vs. 7
Age 55- 65— 40% vs 10%
Age 75+— 90% vs 50%
Primary prevention
Instilling good health habits and changing poor ones
2 approaches to primary prevention
Eliminate behaviors after they begin but before damage
Prevent unhealthy lifestyle before it begins
3 biggest risk factors
Smoking
Inactivity
Poor diet
Money spent on healthcare in 2010
191.6 billion
2 biological barriers
Physical addictions
Genetic contributions
6 psychological barriers
Unhealthy behaviours are pleasurable Healthy behaviours are hard to do Unhealthy behaviours are too easy to do No immediate incentive to be healthy Negative consequences are not immediate Medical interventions will cure illness when it strikes
False consensus bias
Overestimate the number of other people who engage in unhealthy behaviours
False uniqueness bias
See self as less similar to average person who becomes ill
Unrealistic optimism bias
Believe that they are less likely to become ill
5 social barriers
Family Peers Media Economics Healthcare system
Socialization
Influence of parents and role models on the health habits of children
Teachable moment
Certain times are better for teaching particular health practices
3 benefits of at risk intervention
Early identification may prevent or eliminate poor health habits
Efficient and effective use of health promo dollars
Help identify other risk factors
Educational Appeals
Assume that people will change if they have the correct information
Fear Appeals
Assume that people will change to reduce fear of ill health
Curvilinear Relation
Fear increases persuasion to a point
Self protection
Discount likelihood of threat when fear is high
Defensive avoidance
Avoid thinking about threat
3 components of protection motivation
Severity of health threat
Vulnerability to threat
Response efficacy
Response efficacy
Belief that something can be done to reduce threat
Prospect theory
Different presentations of risk will change peoples perceptions and actions
Loss framed
For high risk– emphasize potential problems
Gain framed
For low risk– Emphasize benefits
Social cognitive models
Beliefs people hold about a health behaviour motivate their decision to change
Expectancy value theory
Choose to do behaviour when they expect to succeed and value the outcome
2 factors of the health belief model
Person percieves a personal health threat
Person believes health practice will reduce threat
3 factors of percieved health
General health values
Perceived suceptiibility
Perceived severity
2 factors of threat reduction
Efficacy
Perceived barriers
Cues to action
Things that activate readiness and stimulate behaviour
Theory of planned behaviour
Link health attitudes to behavioural intentions
3 factors of theory of planned behaviour
Behavioural intention
Subjective norms
Perceived beavioural control
2 components of behavioural intention
Outcome beliefs
Outcome evaluations
Normative beliefs
What important people in your life think you should do
