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Health Psychology > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

Cost of pain

A

$10 billion

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2
Q

Congenital Pain Insensitivity

A

Incapable of experiencing pain

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3
Q

Neuralgia

A

Pain along nerve of the body

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4
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Pain along nerve in the face

- Provoked by innocuous stimuli

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5
Q

Causalgia

A

Severe burning pain occurring long after a wound has healed

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6
Q

Beecher

A

Severely wounded soldiers, only 25% requested morphine
Surgical patients, 80% requested morphine
Different meanings of pain– soldiers got to go home, patients would be inconvienced

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7
Q

Perceived Control of Pain

A

When people feel in control they will experience less pain

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8
Q

Focus of Attention

A

People report less pain when they are highly distracted

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9
Q

Guided imagery

A

Distraction component, relaxation, reinterpretation

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10
Q

Body experiences tissue damage

A

Algogenic substances released at damage site, free nerve endings are stimulated by damaged area

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11
Q

3 types of nociceptors

A

A-delta
C
A-Beta

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12
Q

A-delta fibers

A

Myelinated and fast

Associated with sharp, localized, distinct pain sensations

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13
Q

C-Fibers

A

Unmyelinated and slow

Dull, burning or aching pains

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14
Q

A-Beta fibers

A

Myelinated and fast

Innocuous/ harmless sensations– rubbing, scratching

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15
Q

Dorsal horn activity

A

Fibers release substance P which activates transmission cells to send pain messages to brain

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16
Q

Transmission cells

A

Can be activated or inhibited depending on if gate is open or closed

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17
Q

Where is the gating mechanism located

A

Substantia gelatinosa (dorsal horn)

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18
Q

Open gate

A

Substance P activates transmission sells and pain messages are sent to brain

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19
Q

Closed gate

A

Transmission cells are inhibited and no pain messages are sent

20
Q

Pain fiber activity that opens the gate

A

A-delta and C fibers

21
Q

Pain fibre activity that closes the gate

A

A- Beta: Why rubbing your skin during pain stops it

22
Q

Psych factors that open the gate

A

Anxiety, depression, boredom, cognitive evaluations

23
Q

Psych factors that close the gate

A

Happiness, optimism, relaxation, cognitive evaluations

24
Q

Stimulation produced analgesia

A

Stimulating the periaqueductal gray area closes the gate and inhibits pain

25
Q

Reynolds

A

Rats stimulated PAG did not show pain from electric shocks and abdominal surgery

26
Q

Endogenous Opiates

A

Stimulating PAG releases them, inhibit pain fibers from releasing substance P– transmission cells are not activated and no messages are sent

27
Q

Gender with more pain sensitivity

A

Women

28
Q

Race with lower pain tolerance

A

Asian

29
Q

4 pain behaviours

A

Facial and audible expression
Distortions of posture or gait
Negative Affect
Avoidance of activity

30
Q

3 types of pain perception

A

1) Mechanical nociception
Thermal damage
Polymodal nociception

31
Q

Mechanical Nocicpetion

A

Perception resulting from mechanical tissue damage

32
Q

Polymodal nociception

A

Pain that triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage

33
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sense injury, release chemical messengers which conduct to spinal cord and cerebral cortex

34
Q

Neuromatrix

A

Networks of neurons create a felt representation of unified physical self– genetically determined but changes with experience

35
Q

Neurosignature

A

Neuromatrix generates nerve impulses continuously that are processes into a character pattern– unique signature for every experience

36
Q

3 types of endogenous opioid peptides

A

Beta- endorphins
Proenkephalin
Prodynorphins

37
Q

Beta-endorphins

A

Produce peptides that project to limbic system and brain stem

38
Q

Proenkephalin

A

Widespread neuronal, endocrine and CNS distributions

39
Q

Prodynorphins

A

Found in gut, posterior pituitary and brain

40
Q

Acute Pain

A

Results from specific injury, disappears when tissue heals (within 6 months)

41
Q

Chronic

A

Begins with an acute episode but does not decrease with treatment or time

42
Q

Chronic Benign

A

Persists longer than 6 months and is intractable to treatment

43
Q

Recurrent Acute

A

Series of intermittent episodes that are acute in character and persist for more than 6 months

44
Q

Chronic Progressive

A

Perists longer than 6 months and increases with severity over time

45
Q

Counterirritation

A

Inhibiting pain in one area by mildly irritating another

46
Q

Biofeedback

A

Make patient aware of body processes to learn how to alter behaviour and thoughts to manage pain

Health Psychology (7 decks)

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