Systems Level Of CNS Flashcards
What is included in the PNS
Anything that lies outside he skull and spine
What are the divisions of the PNS
Somatic
Autonomic
What is the somatic division of the PNS
The somatic division interacts with the external environment
What is the autonomic division of the PNS
Afferents nerves
What does the cervical region of the spinal cord control
Head
Neck
Diaphragm
Arms
Hands
What does the thoracic nerve region of the spinal cord supply
Chest muscles
Breathing
Abdominal muscles
What do the lumber nerve region control
Legs and feet
What does the sarcral nerve region control off the spinal cord
Bowel and bladder control
Sexual function
What is included in the forebrain
Telencephalon- cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
Diencephalon- Thalamus and hypothalamus
What is part of the midbrain
Mesencephalon- Tegmentum, tectum
What is the hind brain composed of
Metencephalon- pons and cerebellum
What is found in the myelencephalon
Medulla
What is the role of the medulla
The medulla contracts carrying signals between the rest of the body
What vital functions is the medulla responsible for
Sleep
Weakness
Motor plant- movement, maintenance of muscle tone, various cardiac, circulatory, respiratory, excretory reflexes
What is the role of the pons
The pons is part of the brainstem known as the bridge which relays information from the cortex and midbrain to the cerebellum
What is the role of the peri aqueductal gray
Has a role in defensive behaviour, pain and reproduction
What is the tegmentum made up of
The periaqueductal gray
The red nucleus
Substantia nigra
What is the role of the red nucleus
It has a role in pre-cortical motor control especially within the arms and legs
Where do projections from the red nucleus of the tegmentum
Towards the spinal cord
What is the substantia nigra part of
The basal ganglia
What makes up the diencephalon
The thalamus and hypothalamus
What is the role of the thalamus
The thalamus is a rely structure which relays information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum back to the cortex of the forebrain
What is the role of the specific nuclei of the thalamus
This relays signals to cortex/limbic system for all sensations but smell
What is the role of the non-specific nuclei of the thalamus
This has a role in regulating state of sleep and wakefulness and levels of arousal
What is the role of the hypothalamus
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which regulates hormonal secretion. It has a role in hormonal control of motivated behaviour
Has roles associated with hunger, thirst, temperature, pain, pleasure and sex
What is included in the sub cortical portion of the cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
What is the basal ganglia
The basal ganglia is a group of structures thought to be involved with motor function
What is the limbic system
The limbic system is a group of structures involved in emotion, motivation and emotional association with memory
What does the limbic system influence
The limbic system influences the formation of memory by integrating emotional states with stored memories of physical sensations
What structures fall into the limbic system
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Fornix
Cingulate gyrus
Septum
Mammillary body
What is the role of the amygdala
The amygdala is involved in associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact
What is the role of the mammillary body
This is important for the formation of recollective memory-amnesia
What is the hippocampus involved in
In it involved in long term memory and spatial memory
What is the septum involved in
Involved in defence and aggression
What is the cingulate gyrus also known as
Limbic cortex
What is the cingulate gyrus linked to
Behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control
What is the role of the fornix
The fornix carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nucleus
What are the cortical lobes of the cerebral cortex made up of
Grey matter (6 layers)
White matter
What does the frontal lobe contain
Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
Premotor and supplementary motor areas
What is the role of the precentral gyrus
The precentral gyrus has motor instructions for fine motor control that are sent to the muscles controlling the hands and feet
What does the primary motor cortex contain and what is its role
The primary motor cortex contains many of the cells giving origin to the descending motor pathways
It is involved in the initiation of voluntary movements
What is the pre motor and supplementary motor areas involved in
The pre motor and supplementary areas are involved in higher level motor plans and the initiation of voluntary movements
What is the frontal lobe involved in
The frontal lobe is involved in
Executive planning- judgemental roles, emotional modulation
Working memory- short term information
Control of behaviour that depends upon context or setting
What is the pre-frontal cortex involved in
The pre-frontal cortex is involved in generating sophisticated behavioural options that are mindful of consequences
What does the parietal lobe contain
The post central gyrus
What is the post central gyrus involved in
Receiving sensations from the rest of the body
What is found in the parietal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex
What is the primary somatosensory cortex involved in
It is involved in maintains representation of the body’s and of the heads position in space
Complicated spatial-temporal predictions eg- catching something when you are moving
What does the temporal lobe contain
The primary auditory cortex and inferotemporal cortex
What is the inferotemporal cortex involved with
Recognition of faces and objects
What does the temporal lobe play a role in
Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body
It is the interface between the cortex and the limbic system so has an association of affect/emotion with things
What does the occipital lobe contain
It contains visual cortices
What are the 2 streams found in the occipital lobe
The dorsal stream and ventral stream
What is the dorsal stream
The dorsal stream shows vision for movement in terms of where it is in relation to us
What is the ventral stream
The ventral stream is associated with vision for identification, in terms of what does it mean to us
