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Neuro > Systems Level Of CNS > Flashcards

Systems Level Of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the PNS

A

Anything that lies outside he skull and spine

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the PNS

A

Somatic
Autonomic

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3
Q

What is the somatic division of the PNS

A

The somatic division interacts with the external environment

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4
Q

What is the autonomic division of the PNS

A

Afferents nerves

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5
Q

What does the cervical region of the spinal cord control

A

Head
Neck
Diaphragm
Arms
Hands

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6
Q

What does the thoracic nerve region of the spinal cord supply

A

Chest muscles
Breathing
Abdominal muscles

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7
Q

What do the lumber nerve region control

A

Legs and feet

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8
Q

What does the sarcral nerve region control off the spinal cord

A

Bowel and bladder control
Sexual function

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9
Q

What is included in the forebrain

A

Telencephalon- cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
Diencephalon- Thalamus and hypothalamus

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10
Q

What is part of the midbrain

A

Mesencephalon- Tegmentum, tectum

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11
Q

What is the hind brain composed of

A

Metencephalon- pons and cerebellum

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12
Q

What is found in the myelencephalon

A

Medulla

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13
Q

What is the role of the medulla

A

The medulla contracts carrying signals between the rest of the body

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14
Q

What vital functions is the medulla responsible for

A

Sleep
Weakness
Motor plant- movement, maintenance of muscle tone, various cardiac, circulatory, respiratory, excretory reflexes

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15
Q

What is the role of the pons

A

The pons is part of the brainstem known as the bridge which relays information from the cortex and midbrain to the cerebellum

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16
Q

What is the role of the peri aqueductal gray

A

Has a role in defensive behaviour, pain and reproduction

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17
Q

What is the tegmentum made up of

A

The periaqueductal gray
The red nucleus
Substantia nigra

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18
Q

What is the role of the red nucleus

A

It has a role in pre-cortical motor control especially within the arms and legs

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19
Q

Where do projections from the red nucleus of the tegmentum

A

Towards the spinal cord

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20
Q

What is the substantia nigra part of

A

The basal ganglia

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21
Q

What makes up the diencephalon

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus

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22
Q

What is the role of the thalamus

A

The thalamus is a rely structure which relays information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum back to the cortex of the forebrain

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23
Q

What is the role of the specific nuclei of the thalamus

A

This relays signals to cortex/limbic system for all sensations but smell

24
Q

What is the role of the non-specific nuclei of the thalamus

A

This has a role in regulating state of sleep and wakefulness and levels of arousal

25
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland which regulates hormonal secretion. It has a role in hormonal control of motivated behaviour
Has roles associated with hunger, thirst, temperature, pain, pleasure and sex

26
Q

What is included in the sub cortical portion of the cerebral cortex

A

Basal ganglia
Limbic system

27
Q

What is the basal ganglia

A

The basal ganglia is a group of structures thought to be involved with motor function

28
Q

What is the limbic system

A

The limbic system is a group of structures involved in emotion, motivation and emotional association with memory

29
Q

What does the limbic system influence

A

The limbic system influences the formation of memory by integrating emotional states with stored memories of physical sensations

30
Q

What structures fall into the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Fornix
Cingulate gyrus
Septum
Mammillary body

31
Q

What is the role of the amygdala

A

The amygdala is involved in associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact

32
Q

What is the role of the mammillary body

A

This is important for the formation of recollective memory-amnesia

33
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in

A

In it involved in long term memory and spatial memory

34
Q

What is the septum involved in

A

Involved in defence and aggression

35
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus also known as

A

Limbic cortex

36
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus linked to

A

Behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control

37
Q

What is the role of the fornix

A

The fornix carries signals from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies and septal nucleus

38
Q

What are the cortical lobes of the cerebral cortex made up of

A

Grey matter (6 layers)
White matter

39
Q

What does the frontal lobe contain

A

Precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex
Premotor and supplementary motor areas

40
Q

What is the role of the precentral gyrus

A

The precentral gyrus has motor instructions for fine motor control that are sent to the muscles controlling the hands and feet

41
Q

What does the primary motor cortex contain and what is its role

A

The primary motor cortex contains many of the cells giving origin to the descending motor pathways
It is involved in the initiation of voluntary movements

42
Q

What is the pre motor and supplementary motor areas involved in

A

The pre motor and supplementary areas are involved in higher level motor plans and the initiation of voluntary movements

43
Q

What is the frontal lobe involved in

A

The frontal lobe is involved in
Executive planning- judgemental roles, emotional modulation
Working memory- short term information
Control of behaviour that depends upon context or setting

44
Q

What is the pre-frontal cortex involved in

A

The pre-frontal cortex is involved in generating sophisticated behavioural options that are mindful of consequences

45
Q

What does the parietal lobe contain

A

The post central gyrus

46
Q

What is the post central gyrus involved in

A

Receiving sensations from the rest of the body

47
Q

What is found in the parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

48
Q

What is the primary somatosensory cortex involved in

A

It is involved in maintains representation of the body’s and of the heads position in space
Complicated spatial-temporal predictions eg- catching something when you are moving

49
Q

What does the temporal lobe contain

A

The primary auditory cortex and inferotemporal cortex

50
Q

What is the inferotemporal cortex involved with

A

Recognition of faces and objects

51
Q

What does the temporal lobe play a role in

A

Integrating sensory information from various parts of the body
It is the interface between the cortex and the limbic system so has an association of affect/emotion with things

52
Q

What does the occipital lobe contain

A

It contains visual cortices

53
Q

What are the 2 streams found in the occipital lobe

A

The dorsal stream and ventral stream

54
Q

What is the dorsal stream

A

The dorsal stream shows vision for movement in terms of where it is in relation to us

55
Q

What is the ventral stream

A

The ventral stream is associated with vision for identification, in terms of what does it mean to us

Neuro (17 decks)

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