Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What does the CNS include
Brain and spinal cord
What are collections of cell bodies in the CNS called
Nuclei
What does the peripheral nervous system included
Anything that lies out side of the brain and spinal cord
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
What are collections of cell bodies in the PNS called
Ganglia
What part of the nervous system are the cranial nerves part of
PNS they are peripheral nerves
What do cranial nerves carry
Sensory, motor and autonomic information between the brain and the head neck region
What are the names of the cranial nerves in order
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
What fibres do the olfactory nerve carry
Sensory
What fibres do the optic nerve carry
Sensory
What fibres do the oculomotor nerves Carry
Motor
What fibres do the trochlear nerves carry
Motor
What fibres do the trigeminal nerve carry
Both sensory and motor
What fibres do the abducens nerves carry
Motor
What fibres do the facial nerves carry
Both sensory and motor
What fibres do the vestibulocochlear nerves carry
Sensory
What fibres do the glossopharyngeal nerves carry
Both sensory and motor
What fibres do the vagus nerves carry
Both sensory and motor
What fibres do the accessory nerves carry
Motor
What fibres do the hypoglossal nerves carry
Motor
What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres
Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Where do cranial nerves III to XII originate
Brainstem- mid-brain, pons, medulla
Where does cranial nerve I originate
Cranial nerve I the olfactory nerve is attached to the brain
What is the function of cranial nerve 1
Smell
Where does cranial nerve II originate
Cranial nerve II the optic nerve is attached to the brain
What is the function of cranial nerve II
Vision
What is the function of cranial nerves III, IV and VI
All carry motor fibres which help to control the extra ocular muscles of the eye
What does cranial nerve III innnervate
Cranial nerve III is the oculomotor nerve and this innervates the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique and Levator palpabrae superioris
Where does cranial nerve III carry parasympathetic fibres to
The oculomotor nerve carry’s parasympathetic fibres into the orbit to constrict the eye
Where is the nuclei of cranial nerve III located
Midbrain
Where does cranial nerve III exit
The oculomotor nerves exit at the junction between the midbrain and the pons
What does cranial nerve IV innervate
Cranial nerve IV the trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique in the eye
Where is the nuclei of the IV cranial nerve located
In the mid brain
What does cranial nerve VI innervate
Cranial nerve VI is the abducens nerve which innervates the lateral rectus
Where are the nuclei of the VI cranial nerve located
The pons
Where is cranial nerve V attached to
The pons
What are the 3 branches of cranial nerve V
V1- Ophthalmic
V2- Maxillary
V3- Mandibular
Of the 3 branches of the V cranial nerve which one carries motor fibres
Mandibular branch
What do the sensory fibres of cranial nerve V do
They carry general sensation
Where is cranial nerve VII found
Cranial nerve VII is the facial nerve and this is attached to the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction
What are the 2 roots of cranial nerve VII
Medial which gives off motor fibres
Lateral which gives off sensory and parasympathetic fibres
What special sensory fibres do in cranial nerve VII
The special sensory fibres in the facial nerve transmit taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Where do upper motor neurons synapse
They synapse within the cell bodies of lower motor neurons
Where is cranial nerve IX located
Cranial nerve IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve which is attached to the medulla via nerve rootlets
What are the functions of cranial nerve IX
Taste
General sensation
Afferents from the carotid sinus and carotid body
Where is cranial nerve X located
Cranial nerve X is the vagus nerve and this is found attached to the medulla via small rootlets
Where are the rootlets of cranial nerve XI found
The rootlets of the accessory nerves arise from the medulla
How does cranial nerve XI leave the brain
The accessory nerve leaves the brain via the jugular foramen and join the vagus term
What does cranial nerve XI innervate
Cranial nerve XI is the accessory nerve and this innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
What is cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossal nerve
What type of fibres does the cranial nerve XII carry
Motor nerve fibres
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate
Muscles of the tongue
Where does cranial nerve XII arise from
The medulla
How does cranial nerve XII leave the brain
Through the hypoglossal canal
