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Neuro > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical stress

A

Physical, emotional and subjective experiences associated with damage of body tissue and bodily threat such as pain and inflammation

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2
Q

What is psychological stress

A

Emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances often evolving anticipation

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3
Q

What is good stress

A

Eustress
Positive stress which is beneficial and motivational; striving for a goal which is within reach

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4
Q

What is bad stress

A

Distress
Negative stress which is damaging and harmful
Occurring when a challenge or threat isn’t resolving

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5
Q

What are the 3 phases of stress response

A

Alarm
Adaption
Exhaustion

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6
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Maintain and internal environment necessary for cell function

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7
Q

What is allostasis

A

How complex systems adapt in changing environments by changing set-points

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8
Q

What is meant by allostatic load

A

Cumulative exposure to stressor which is unrelieved leads to systems wearing out

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9
Q

What is acute stress

A

Short-lived response to a novel situation experienced by the body of danger
This is healthy and adaptive and necessary for survival

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10
Q

Examples of acute stress

A

Noise
Brief illness
Short term danger eg-fire

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11
Q

What is chronic stress

A

Comes from repeated or continued exposure to threatening or dangerous Situations which cannot be controlled

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12
Q

Examples of what can cause chronic stress

A

Physical illness/disability
Poverty
Unemployment
Bullying, discrimination
Sexual/physical abuse

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13
Q

What are the 5 elements of the human stress response

A

Biochemical
Physiological
Behavioural
Cognitive
Emotional

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14
Q

How are stress responses mediated

A

They are mediated by autonomic nervous systems
The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system
Hypothalamo-pituitary axis

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15
Q

Describe the sympathomedullary pathway

A

Hypothalamus activates the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is controlled by the Autonomic nervous system releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream. With the detection of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood stream the body prepares for fight or flight and reinforces the sympathetic activation of increased heart rate and blood pressure

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16
Q

Describe the pituitary-adrenal system in response to stress

A

Higher brain centres in the hypothalamus are activated which triggers the release of corticotrophin. The pituitary gland will release adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The adrenal cortex releases corticosteroids. The release of these steroids cause changes within the body, the liver releases energy and the immune system becomes suppressed

17
Q

What happens to the body in terms of inflammation and imminent response with acute stress

A

Immune suppression

18
Q

What happens to the body in terms of inflammation and immune response with chronic stress

A

Partial immune suppression
Low-grade chronic inflammatory response which could effect gene expression

19
Q

What are some examples of fast physiological stress responses

A

Rapid breathing to increase oxygen
Increased blood flow
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Muscles tense
Glucose is released, insulin falls
Sweating
Mouth becomes dry
Digestion stops
Red blood cells discharged from the spleen

20
Q

What are examples of physical/somatic effects of chronic stress

A

Headache
Chest pain
Stomach ache
Musculoskeletal pain
Low energy
Loss of libido
Colds/infections
Cold hands and feet
Clenched jaw

21
Q

What are examples of behavioural responses to stress

A

Easily startled
Change in appetite
Weight gain or loss
Procrastination
Increased use of drug, alcohol, smoking
Nail biting
Sleep disturbances
Withdrawal

22
Q

What are examples of cognitive responses to stress

A

Constant worrying
Racing thoughts
Forgetfulness
Inability to focus
Poor judgment
Altered learning
Been pessimistic

23
Q

What are examples of emotional responses towards stress

A

Depression/sadness
Tearful
Mood swings
Irritability
Aggression
Low self-esteem
Boredom
Overwhelmed
Avoidance

24
Q

What illnesses could stress be linked with

A

Cardiovascular and GI illnesses
Any illnesses which have a strong Autonomic nervous system

25
Q

What signs/symptoms could you experience with PTSD

A

Flashbacks and nightmares
Intrusive thoughts
Sweating
Nausea
Insomnia
Irritability

26
Q

What can help with stress

A

Mindfulness
Mediation
Exercise
Sleep hygiene
Healthy diet
Aromatherapy
CBT

Neuro (17 decks)

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