Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards
What is the PNS
Peripheral nervous system Any thing outside of the Dura mater
What is included in the CNS
The brain and spinal cord anything in the dura mater
What is the mesencephalon
Midbrain
What makes up the forebrain
The telencephalon and the diencephalon
What is the prosencephalon
The forebrain
What is in the grey matter of the brain
Neurones, fibres and branches for communication, synapses
Why is white matter seen as a white colour
Myelin is a fatty white substance which is wrapped around axons found in the white matter
What is the role of white matter
The cabling of the brain to carry impulses to one part of the nervous system to the other
Where are association fibres found
Association fibres stay within one hemisphere and communicate information within that one hemisphere
What is a fasciculus
A bundle of association fibres within a hemisphere
What are comicural fibres
They are fibres which cross between the 2 hemispheres to communicate information
What is the main commissural fibres
The corpus callosum
What is an example of projection fibres
Internal capsules
What is the role of projection fibres
They communicate information from the spinal cord to the brain hemispheres
What splits the frontal and parietal lobe
Central sulcus
What splits the frontal and parietal lobe from the temporal lobe
The lateral sulcus
What splits the 2 hemispheres
The longitudinal fissure
Where is the insula found
In the lateral fissure
What is the function of the insula
Disgust
Emotion
Homeostasis
Perception
Motor control
Self-awareness
Cognitive functioning
Interpersonal experience
What is the role of the frontal lobes
Motor function
Problem solving
Memory
Judgement
Impulse control
Higher cognitive function
Language
Executive function
Which is the deepest and longest sulcus in the brain
The central sulcus
Where is the motor cortex found
The back of the frontal lobe in the pre central gyrus
What is found in the motor cortex
Upper motor neurones
What is the function of the temporal lobe
Semantic processing (the meaning and identity of things)
Memory
Language
Primary auditory cortex
What is the function of the parietal lobes
Somatosensory
The dominant left side is for perception, language and mathematics
The non dominant right side for visuospatial function
What is the function of the occipital lobes
Visual
How many layers does the neocortex have
6 layers
Where is the primary visual cortex found
In the calcarine fissure
What can the primary visual cortex also be called
The striate cortex
Where does the 2nd layer of the neocortex have input from
The 2nd layer has input from other cortical areas of the brain
Where does the 3rd layer of the neocortex send projections to
The 3rd layer sends projections to other cortical areas of the brain
Where does the 4th layer of the neocortex receive inputs from
The 4th layer receives inputs from the thalamus
Where does the 5th layer of the neocortex send projections to
The 5th layer sends projections to the brain stem and spinal cord
Where does the 6th layer of the neocortex send projections to
The 6th layer sends projections to the thalamus
What is the frontal petalia
This is where the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere projects forward more than the left
What is the occipital Patalia
This is where the occipital lobe of the left hemisphere projects backwards more than the right side
What are the coverings of the brain from most superficial inwards
Skin
Bone
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Trabeculae
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
How is the brain cavity seperated
By in-folds of the dura mater (dural folds)
What are sinuses in the brain for
To collect used blood and direct it back to the heart to become oxygenated again
