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MY CARDS - FITNESS > Systems & Extras > Flashcards

Systems & Extras Flashcards

0
Q

Bursa

A

A sac or saclike bodily cavity, especially one containing viscous lubricating fluid. Located between a tendon and a bone or at points of friction between moving structures

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1
Q

Axilla

A

The armpit

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2
Q

Cranial

A

Refers to the head or skull

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3
Q

Dorsum

A

The upper, outer surface of an organ, appendage, or body part

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4
Q

Iliac

A

Refers to the area of the hip bones on either side of the body

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5
Q

Thoracic

A

Refers to the chest

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6
Q

Umbilicus

A

The naval - The site that marks where the umbilical cord was present

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7
Q

Integumentary System

A

bodily system consisting of the skin and is associated structures such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

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8
Q

Lymphatic System

A

subsystem of the circulatory system which protect the body against disease

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9
Q

Nervous System

A

consist of large muscles that are allow us to move, cardiac muscles in the heart, and smooth muscles of the internal organs

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10
Q

Endocrine System

A

consist of the glands in tissue that release hormones and work with the nervous system in regulating metabolic activities

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11
Q

Bronchus

A

Either of two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs.

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12
Q

Trachea

A

A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe.

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13
Q

How does the Circulatory system work?

A

Blood pumps through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
» The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body’s tissue
» Blood passes through the Tricuspid vavle (AV vavle) to the right ventricle
» Pulmonary semilunar vavle
» The right ventricle passes blood through the Pulmonary Artery
» Lungs
» Pulmonary Veins (right & left)
» Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein returns to the Left Atrium
» Blood passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the left ventricle
» Left Ventricle ejects blood through the aortic (semilunar) valve into the aorta for transport in the systemic circuit
» Arteries
» Capillaries
» Veins
» REPEAT

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14
Q

Efferent System

A

System designed to cause action; consists of the somatic and autonomic system

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15
Q

Somatic System

A

System responsible for voluntary action

16
Q

Autonomic System

A

System that processes and activates involuntary action

17
Q

Afferent System

A

The part of the PNS that sends messages to the CNS

18
Q

Growth Hormone
(GH)

[Anterior Pituitary]

A

Stimulates tissue growth; mobilizes fatty acids for energy; inhibits CHO metabolism

More hormone secretion with increased exercise.

No effect on resting values; trained individuals tend to have less dramatic rise during exercise

19
Q

Thyrotropin
(TSH)

[Anterior Pituitary]

A

Stimulates production and release of thyroxine from thyroid gland

More hormone secretion with increase
exercise

20
Q

Corticotropin
(ACTH)

[Anterior Pituitary]

A

Stimulates production and releases cortisol, aldosterone and other adrenal hormones.

Trained individuals have increased exercise values

21
Q

Gonadotropin
(FSH & LH)

[Anterior Pituitary]

Trained females have depressed values.
Trained males have depressed testosterone, with probably no change in LH & FSH

A

FSH works with LH to stimulate production of estrogens and progesterone by ovaries and testosterone by male testes.

No hormone secretion change

22
Q

Prolactin
(PRL)

[Anterior Pituitary]

A

Inhibits testosterone; mobilizes fatty acids.

More secretion with exercise increase.

Some evidence that training lowers resting values

23
Q

Endorphins

[Anterior Pituitary]

A

Blocks pain; promotes euphoria; affects feeding and female menstrual cycle.

More secretion with long duration exercise

24
Q

Vasopressin
(ADH)

[Posterior Pituitary]

A

Controls water secretion by kidneys.

More secretion with exercise increase.

Some evidence that training results in slight reduction in ADH at a given workload

25
Q

Oxytocin

[Posterior Pituitary]

A

Stimulates muscles in uterus and breasts; important in birth and lactation

26
Q

Cortisol
Corticosterone

[Adrenal Cortex]

A

Promotes use of fatty acids and protein catabolism; conserves blood sugar insulin antagonist; has anti-inflammatory effects with epinephrine

Controls stress

Increase secretion in heavy exercise only

Trained individuals exhibit slight elevations during exercise

27
Q

Aldosterone

[Adrenal Cortex]

A

Promotes retention of sodium, potassium, and water by kidneys.

Increase secretion with exercise increase

28
Q

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

[Adrenal Medulla]

A

Facilitates sympathetic activity, increases cardiac output, regulates blood vessels, increases glycogen catabolism and fatty acid release.

Epinephrine secretion with heavy exercise.

Norepinephrine secretion with increase exercise.

Decrease in secretion at rest and same exercise intensity after training

29
Q

Thyroxine T4
Triiodithyronin T3

[Thyroid]

A

Stimulates metabolic rate; regulates cell growth and activity.

More secretion with exercise increase

Reduced concentration of total T3 and in increased free thyroxine at rest.

Increased turnover of T3 and T4 during exercise

30
Q

Insulin

[Pancreas]

A

Promotes CHO transport into cells; increase CHO catabolism and decrease blood glucose; promotes fatty acid and amino acid transport into cells.

Secretion increase with exercise increase

31
Q

Glucagon

[Pancreas]

A

Promotes release of glucose from liver to blood; increases fat metabolism.

Secretion increase with exercise increase.

Smaller increase in glucose levels during exercise at both absolute and relative workloads

32
Q

Parathormone

[Parathyroid]

A

Raises blood calcium; lowers blood phosphate.

Secretion increase with long term exercise

33
Q

Estrogen
Progesterone

[Ovaries]

A

Controls menstrual cycle; increases fat deposition; promotes female sex characteristics

Secretion increase with exercise; depends on menstrual phase

34
Q

Testosterone

[Testes]

A

Controls muscle size; increases number of red blood cells; decreases body fat; promotes male sex characteristics.

Secretion increase with exercise

35
Q

Renin
Antagiotensin

[Kidney]

A

Stimulates aldosterone secretion.

Secretion increase with exercise increase

MY CARDS - FITNESS (10 decks)

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