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CSci 11 > Systems Analysis and Design > Flashcards

Systems Analysis and Design Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 phases of problem-solving procedure for examining and improving an information system?

A 
Preliminary investigation
Systems analysis
System design
System development
Systems implementation
Systems maintenance
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2
Q

people that study an organization’s systems to determine what actions to take and how to use computer technology to assist them

A

systems analysts

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3
Q

determines the need of an information systems

A

preliminary investigation (p1)

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4
Q

preliminary investigation is requested by ________ or ________ who wants something done that is not presently being done

A

an end user or a manager

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5
Q

what are the tasks being done on preliminary investigation?

A
  1. defining the problem
  2. suggesting alternative solutions
  3. preparing a short report
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6
Q

examining whatever current information system is in use and determining what information is needed, by whom, when and why is accomplished by interviewing and making observations

A

defining the problem

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7
Q

suggest some possible plans as alternatives to the present arrangement

A

suggesting alternative systems

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8
Q

the systems analyst writes a report summarizing the results of the preliminary investigation and suggest alternative systems and may also include schedules for further development of the project

A

preparing a short report

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9
Q

a short report summarizing the results of the p1 will be presented to the ___ along with a recommendation to continue or discontinue the project

A

higher management

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10
Q

management then decides whether to finance the second phase (t/f)

A

true

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11
Q

data is collected about the present system and is analyzed to determine new requirements

A

systems analysis

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12
Q

it expands the data gathered during phase 1 and adds details about how the current system works

A

gathering data

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13
Q

gathering data on systems analysis is obtained from:

A

observation,
interviews,
questionnaires,
studying docs that describes the formal lines of authority and standard operating procedures

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14
Q

learn how information currently flows and to pinpoint why it isn’t flowing appropriately

A

analyzing the data

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15
Q

apply ____ to the existing arrangement to see how workable it is

A

logic (analyzing the data)

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16
Q

tools to be used in analysis phase of system analysis

A 
top-down analysis method
grid charts
system flow charts
data flow diagrams
automated design tools
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17
Q

used to identify the top-level components of a complex system

each component is then broken down into smaller and smaller components

this approach makes each component easier to analyze and deal with

A

top-down analysis method

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18
Q

shows the relationship between input and output documents

A

grid charts

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19
Q

shows the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information

A

system flowchart

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20
Q

shows the data or information flow within an information system

the data is traced from its origin through processing storage and input

A

data flow diagrams

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21
Q

are software packages that evaluate hardware and software alternatives according to requirements given by the systems analyst

A

automated design tools

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22
Q

automated design tools is also called as

A

COMPUTER-AIDED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CASE) tools

23
Q

the systems analysts stage is typically documented in a report for higher management

describes the current information, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule

management studies the report and decides whether to continue with the project (if approved, proceed to phase 3)

A

documenting system analysis

24
Q

systems design consists of three tasks namely

A

designing alternative systems
selecting the best system
writing a systems design report

25
Q

more than one design can be developed to meet the information needs

A

designing alternative systems

26
Q

system designers evaluate each alternative system for feasibility namely:

A

economic feasibility
technical feasibility
operational feasibility

27
Q

will the costs of the new system be justified by the benefits it promises?

how long will it take for the new system to pay for itself?

A

economic feasibility

28
Q

are reliable hardware, software, and training available to make the system work?

if not, can they be obtained?

A

technical feasibility

29
Q

can the system actually be made to operate in the organization, or will people-employees, managers, clients-resist it?

A

operational feasibility

30
Q

(selecting the best system)

when choosing the best design, consider these four questions:

A
  1. will the system work with the organization’s overall information system?
  2. will the system be flexible enough so it can be modified in the future?
  3. can it be made secure against unauthorized use?
  4. are the benefits worth the costs?
31
Q

it is prepared for higher management and describes the alternative designs

it presents the costs versus the benefits and outlines the effect of alternative designs on the organization

it usually concludes by recommending one of the alternatives

A

writing the systems design report

32
Q

systems development involves three steps namely

A

acquiring software
acquiring hardware
testing the new system

33
Q

(acquiring software) application software for the new information system can be obtained in two ways namely:

A

it can be purchased as off-the-shelf packaged software and possibly modified

it can be custom-designed

34
Q

the equipment needed and the places where they are to be installed must be determined and is a very critical area

A

acquiring hardware

35
Q

after the software and equipment have been installed, the system should be tested

sample data is fed into the system

the processed information is then evaluated to see whether results are correct

testing may take several months if the new system is complex

A

testing the new system

36
Q

also called system conversion

A

systems implementation

37
Q

it is the process of changing - converting - from the old system to the new one and training people to use the new system

A

systems implementation (p5)

38
Q

types of conversion

A

direct
parallel
pilot
phased

39
Q

the conversion is done simply by abandoning the old and starting up the new

this can be risky

if anything is still wrong with the new system, the old system is no longer available to fall back on

A

direct approach

40
Q

old and new systems are operated side by side until the new one proves to be reliable

this approach is low risk

if the new sytem fails, the organization can just switch to the system to keep going

A

parallel approach

41
Q

the new system is tried out in only one part of the organization

less expensive than the parallel approach

somewhat riskier

A

pilot approach

42
Q

the new system is implemented gradually over a period of time

the entire implementation process is broken down into parts or phases

implementation begins with the first phase, and once it is successfully implemented, the second phase begins

this process continues until all phases are operating smoothly

expensive but least risky

A

phased approach

43
Q

in general, these two approaches are the favored methods; namely

A

pilot - when there are many people in an organization performing similar operations

phased - more appropriate for organizations which people are performing different operations

44
Q

training

A

training people is important, one of the most commonly overlooked activities

45
Q

a very important, ongoing activity

A

systems maintenance

46
Q

2 parts of systems maintenance

A

systems audit,

periodic evaluation

47
Q

system’s performance is compared to the original design specifications

A

systems audit

48
Q

the new information system is further modified, if necessary

all system should be evaluated from time to time to determine whether they are meeting the goals and providing the service they are supposed to

A

periodic evaluation

49
Q

two alternative approaches that require much less time:

A

prototyping

rapid applications development

50
Q

means to build a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed

the development time is shorter

however, it is sometimes more difficult to manage the project and to control costs

A

prototyping

51
Q

involves the use of powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly trained personnel

A

rapid applications development (RAD)

52
Q

they plan and design new systems or reorganize a company’s computer resources to be utilize them

A

systems analysts

53
Q

systems analysts can expect to earn an annual salary of:

A

$50k to $64k

54
Q

opportunities for advancement of systems analysts include positions as

A

chief technology officer or other managerial opportunities

CSci 11 (11 decks)

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