Computer Networks II Flashcards
measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel
bandwidth
it means how much information can move across the communication channel in a given amount of time
bandwidth
4 categories of bandwidth
voiceband,
medium band,
broadband,
baseband
also known as low bandwidth that is used for standard telephone communication
voiceband
effective for transmitting text documents but not for high-quality audio and video
voiceband
used in special leased lines to connect midrange computers and mainframes as well as to transmit data over long distances and is capable of very high-speed data transfer
medium band
widely used for DSL, cable, and satellite connections to the internet
broadband
widely used to connect individual computers that are located to one another
baseband
this bandwidth can only carry single signal at a time
baseband
rules for the exchange of information
protocols
unique numeric address
IP address (internet protocol address)
converts text-based addresses to IP addresses
domain name server (DNS)
before the message is sent, it is reformatted or broken down into small parts called “”
packets
connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources
networks
any device that is connected to a network
node
a node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes
clients
a node that shares resources with other nodes
server
5 types of server
- application server
- database server
- file server
- printer server
- web server
specialized server that manages the resources, such as user accounts, for an entire network
directory server
any computer system connected to a network that provide access to its resources
host
a node that forwards or routes data packets from one network to their destination in another network
router
central node that coordinates the flow of data by sending messages directly between sender and receiver nodes
switch
expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network
network interface cards (NIC)
sometimes referred to as LAN adapter
network interface cards (NIC)
control and coordinate the activities of all computers and other devices on a network
network operating system (NOS)
a computer specialist responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of new networks
network administrator
network with nodes that are in close physical proximity
local area networks (LAN)
LAN that are being used by individuals in their homes and apartments
home networks
this network allows different computers to share resources, including a common Internet connection
home networks
it uses radio frequencies to connect computers and other devices
wireless LAN
or base station, interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the approprate devices (a.k.a. hotspots)
wireless access point
internal devices which is used to connect to hotspots
wireless network card
external device used to connect to hotspots
wireless adapter
a type of network that works within a very small area- your immediate surroundings
personal area network (PAN)
these networks are frequently used as links between office buildings that are located throughout a city
metropolitan area networks (MAN)
this network span distances up to 100 miles
metropolitan area networks (MAN)
countrywide and worldwide networks
wide area networks (WAN)
widest of all WANs which spans the entire globe
internet
use microwave relays and satellites to reach users over long distances
wide area networks
describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared
network architecture
arrangement or configuration of network
topologies
5 most common topologies are
bus network ring network star network tree network mesh network
each device is connected to a common cable called a bus or backbone and all communications travel along this bus
bus network
each device is connected to two other devices forming a ring
ring network
each devices is conneceted to a central node, either directly or through one or more other devices
tree network
also known as hierarchial network
tree network
this topology is the newest type type that each node have more than one connection to the other nodes
mesh network
two strategies of sharing information and resources
client/server or peer-to-peer
uses central servers to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network
client/server network
nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers
peer-to-peer (P2P) network
a private network within an organization that resembles the internet, use browsers, websites, and web pages
intranet
a private network that connects more than one organization
extranet
securing large computer networks
network security
network security includes
firewalls,
intrusion detection system,
virtual private networks
consists of hardware and software that control access to a comoany’s intranet and other internal networks
firewall
software used to filter a message or file to pass into an organization’s network
proxy server
work with firewalls to protect an organization’s network where it recognizes signs of network attack and disable access before an intruder can do damage
intrusion detection system (IDS)
create a secure private connection between a remote user and an organization’s internal network
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
