Introductory Computer Concepts I Flashcards
it is the study of computers, including their design, operation and their use in processing data into information
Computer Science
the systematic study of algorithmic process that describe and transform __________, their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application
information
theoretical computer science has its roots in __________, where there was a lot of discussion of logic
mathematics
computer science combines both the __________ and __________ aspects of engineering, electronics, information theory, mathematics, logic and human behavior
theoretical and practical
computer science began with ________ in 1642 and _________ in 1812
pascal, babbage
who made the pascaline calculator
blaise pascal
who made the analytical and difference engine
charles babbage
george boole created what logic?
boolean logic
this guy made the von Neumann Architecture
John von Neumann
he made the turing machine and the concept of computability
alan turing
consists of people, procedures, software, hardware, communication networks and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in organization
information systems
are end users who use computers to make themselves more productive
people
this specify rules or guidelines for computer operations
procedures
provides step-by-step instructions for computer hardware
software
what are the two major kinds of software
system software and application software
it enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware
system software
it is not a single program, but rather a collection of programs
system software
examples of system software (3)
operating system (OS), utilities, device drivers
it allows end users to accomplish one or more tasks everyday on a computer such as writing a letter, sending an email, making a poster or downloading a web page
application software
application software can be categorized as either (2)
basic applications, specialized applications
these application software is called general-purpose or productivity application
basic applications
these application software includes thousands of other programs that more narrowly focused on specific discipline and occupations
specialized applications
example of specialized applications
graphics programs, audio and video software, multimedia programs, web authoring programs, ai programs, etc.
the equipment that processes the data to create information and are controlled by software
hardware
types of computers (4)
supercomputers, mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer
are largest, fastest, most powerful and most expensive computers that is used primarily for scientific applications and are mathematical intensive workstations
supercomputers
mainframe is used in the aerospace, automotive, chemical, electronics, and petroleum industries (etc.) (T&F?)
false, used in supercomputers
computers which have multiprocessing and multiprogramming capabilities and they are composed of many computers that is powerful enough to support several hundred users simultaneously at remote terminals
mainframe
minicomputers can also be called as
midrange computers
these are similar to mainframes but smaller in scaling and it can accomodate remote users but slightly less storage and processing is slower compared to mainframe
minicomputers
these are computers which are workstations
microcomputers
microcomputers uses the RISC microprocessors. what is RISC?
reduced instruction set computer
types of microcomputer
desktop computer, laptop, tablet pc, handheld computers (cellphone)
microcomputer hardware incluedes (4)
system unit, input/output, secondary storage, communication
consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images and sounds
data
four common types of files
document, worksheet, presentation, databae
allows computers to share information and connect to the internet
connectivity
a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology
wireless revolution
communication system connecting two or more computers
network
this is the largest network in the world
internet
provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the internet
web
computer and communication technologies, such as communication links to the internet, that provide help and understanding to the user
information technology
decimal system represents the daily number system ranging from ____ and has the base of _____
0-9, 10
binary system is used for __________, accepting 0 and 1 value only and has the base 2
computer representation
is a group of 3 bits and has the base 8 that ranges from 0-7
octal system
is a group of 4 bits which uses the base 16 system counting from 0-9 followed by letter a-f, which represents 10-15 in decimal number system
hexadecimal system
defines a set of values used to represent quantity
number systems
this is determined by the number of digit symbols in the system
base, or radix
