Programming and Languages Flashcards
list of instructions for the computer to follow to accomplish the task of processing data into information
program
also known as software development
programming
sdlc is known as
software development life cycle
what are the 6 steps of software development life cycle
program specification program design program code program test program documentation program maintenance
computer professionals who uses the SDLC
software engineers or programmers
the program’s objectives, outputs, inputs, and processing requirements are determined
program specification
a solution is created using programming techniqes sch as top-down
program design
the program is written or coded using a programming langge
program code
the program is tested or debugged by looking for syntax and logic errors
program test
focuses on formalizing the written description and processes used in the program
program documentation
completed programs are periodically reviewed to evaluate their accuracy, efficiency, standardization and ease of use
program maintenance
on program specification, the programmer requires to specify these 5 items:
- program’s objective
- desired output
- input data required
- processing requirements
- documentation
techniques to be used on program design
top-down program design
pseudocode
flowcharts
logic structures
three categories of logic structres
seqential (procedural)
selection (if-else, switch)
repetition (while, for loops)
writing the program using the appropriate computer langage
coding
qualities of the good program
reliable
well documented and understandable by programmers other than who wrote it
uses a collection of symbols, words, and phrases that instruct a computer to perform specific operations
proramming language
referss to the process of testing and then elimination errors (getting the bugs out)
debugging
two types of errors
syntax errors
logic errors
violation of the rules of the programming language
syntax errors
occurs when the programmer uses an incorrect calculation or leaves out a programming procedure
logic errors
testing process
desk checking manually testing with sample data attempt at translation testing sample data on the computer testing by a select group of potential users
final step in testing a program
beta testing (testing by a select group of potential users)
the program is tested for logic errors after syntax errors have been corrected
testing sample data on the computer
the program is run through a computer, using a translator program
attempt at translation
using a calculator and sample data, a programmer follows each program statement and performs every calculation
manually testing with sample data
a programmer sitting at a desk checks (proofreads) a printout of the program, goes through the listing line by line carefully looking for syntax errors and logic errors
desk checking (code review)
all the prior documentation is reviewed, finalized, and distributed
program documentation
important people who may be involved with the program in the future:
users
operators
programmers
as much as how many percent of the total lifetime cost for an application program is for maintenance?
75%
ensuring that current programs are operating error-free, efficiently and effectively
program maintenance
categories of maintenance
operations, changing needs
special job title that maintains a program
maintenance programmer
maintenance that concern in location and correcting operational errors, making programs easier to use and standardizing software using strctred programming techniques
operations
term for modifying or correcting program
patches
if the patches are significant, they are known as ____
software updates
programs need to be adjusted for a variety of reasons such as new information needs, new company policies, etc.
changing needs
categories of programming languages
low-level languages - closer to the language the computer itself uses
high-level language - closer to the language humans use
generations of programming languages
1: machine language
2: assembly language
3: high-level procedural languages
4: task-oriented languages
5: problem and constraint languages
a language that can read/write 0s and 1s
machine language
language that uses abbreviations or mnemonics that are automatically converted into appropriate seq. of 0s and 1s
assembly language
designed to express the logic - the procedures - that can solve general problems
high-level procedural language
high-level procedural languages needs to be translated into ______ for the computer to process them
machine language
converts the programmer’s procedural language program, called source code, into a machine language code, called the object code
compiler
converts the procedural language one statement at a time into a machine code just before it is to be executed
interpreter
non-procedural language and focus on specifying tasks the program is to accomplish
task-oriented languages
enable nonprogrammer to use certain easily understood commands to search and general reports from a database
query languages
or program coder is a program that provides modules of prewritten code
application generators
computer languages that incorporate the concepts of artificial intelligence to allow a person to provide a system with a problem and some constraints, and then request a solution
problem and constraint languages
