Systemic Pathology Flashcards
What are HIV opportunistic infections?
Pneumocystics jiroveci, ….
What tests fro CMV oesophagitis
endoscopy, cmv nuclear inclusion and …. … confirms that its HIV caused not gastritis
HIV tumours?
Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, others: SCC, anus and cervix, HPV
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma caused by?
HHV-8
How does lymphoma present?
systemic, CNS or body cavity based, B cell lymphomas, EBV
How may HIV cause CNS disease?
Progressive encephalopathy, AIDS dementia complex
What is seen in CNS lymphoma?
…
Mycobacteria pathology
caseating granulomas, demonstration of acid fast bacilli
mycobacterial infection findings …
cavitating TB, granuloma with caseous necrosis
Where are systemic pathology/extra-pulmonary features of mycobacterial infection?
lungs, lymph nodes, bone (vertebra), heart (pericarditis), GIT (peritonitis, CNS (meningitis)
Sarcoid pathology
Non caseating granulomas (not as extensive necrosis as caseating granulomas of TB), diagnosis of exclusion
Sarcoid granuloma, what is it comprised of?
Lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, giant cells
What is a giant cell?
formed by macrophages fusing together
IgG4 related disease pathology
Inflammation dominated by IgG4 antibody producing plasma cells. Fibrosis, obliteration of veins.
Histopathology of IgG4RD
plasma cell rich, inflammatory infiltrate, … immunohitochemistry shows ???
IgG4 related disease
salivary and lacrimal glands mikulicz s, thyroid riedl peritoneum retroperitoneal fibrosis, liver biliar obstruction, panceaud autoimmune, mass lesions inflammatory pseudotumour
Alcohol systemic effects in liver
…
Nervous system alcohol effects
peripheral neuropathy, wernicke-korsakoff syndrome, etc.
Cardiovascular system alcohol effects
dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, atheroma (decreases it)
Pancreas systemic effects alcohol
Acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol effects on fetus
fetal alcohol syndrome
Alochol cancer
oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, liver and breast cancer
Cystic fibrosis systemic effects
pancreas duct obstruction, exocrine atrophy; salivary glands duct obstruction, atrophy; intestine, meconium ileus; liver: biliary obstructio, cirrhosis; lung: broncial obstruction, superimposed infection with abscess formation (Staph A, haemophilus, pseudomanas a); male genital tract: obstructive infertility …..?
Cystic fibrosis systemic effects
pancreas duct obstruction, exocrine atrophy; salivary glands duct obstruction, atrophy; intestine, meconium ileus; liver: biliary obstructio, cirrhosis; lung: broncial obstruction, superimposed infection with abscess formation (Staph A, haemophilus, pseudomanas a); male genital tract: obstructive infertility …..?
