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Abbie Year 5 Pathology > Micro - UTI > Flashcards

Micro - UTI Flashcards

1
Q

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection?

A

x

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2
Q

Complicated urinary tract infection?

A

x

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3
Q

Complicated UTIs occur in …

A

men, pregnant women, children, patients who are hospitalised or in healthcare-associated settings

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4
Q

Incidence?

A

…

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5
Q

More than 95% of UTI are caused by

A

…

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6
Q

E.coli is

A

most common causative organism

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7
Q

UTI caused by many species of microorganisms but only a few serogroups of E.coli cause a high proportion of infections. Which types?

A

…

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8
Q

the more virulence factors a strain expresses …

A

the more severe an infection it is able to cause

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9
Q

Other organisms apart from E.coli

A

Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella aerogenes, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus epidermis

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10
Q

What is proteus mirabilisassociated with

A

kidney stones

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11
Q

What organism is associated with staghorn calculus?

A

..

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12
Q

When is the relative frequency of these other types of causative organisms increased greatly?

A

In recurrent urinary tract infections. In the hospital rather than the community.

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13
Q

Antibacterial host defences in the urinary tract?

A

Urine (osmolality, pH, organic acids), urine flow and micturition, urinary tract mucosa (bactericidal activity, cytokines)

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14
Q

Why women are more likely to get UTI?

A

The female urethra is short and is in proximity to the warm moist vulvar and perianal areas, making contamination likely

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15
Q

What areas colonised before urinary infection results?

A

colonise the vaginal introitus and periurethral area

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16
Q

ascending uti

A

once within the bladder, bacteria may multiply and then pass up the ureters, especially if vesicoureteral reflux is present, to the renal pelvis and parenchyma

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17
Q

renal tract abnormalities

A

…

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18
Q

obstruction can be

A

mechanical, extrarenal or intrarenal

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19
Q

extrarenal obstruction

A

…

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20
Q

intrarenal obstruction

A

…

21
Q

Neurogenic malfunction causing obstruction

A

poliomyelitis, …

22
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

tends to …

23
Q

Infections mainly through ascending route but there is also the …

A

haematogenous route

24
Q

The kidney is frequently the site of abscesses in patients with …

A

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia or endocarditis or both

25
Q

in humans, infection of the kidney with gram negative bacilli occurs rarely bythe

A

haematogenous route

26
Q

staph aureus may not be a uti but can be seen in urine … true or false?

A

true

27
Q

Children older than 2 years symptoms …

A

…

28
Q

Lower uti symptoms

A

Result from bacteria producing irritation of urethral ad vesical mucosa, causing frequent and painful urination of small amounts of turbid urine. Suprapubic heaviness or pain. Ocassionally, grossly …

29
Q

Upper UTI symptoms

A

fever (Sometimes with rigors), flank pain, and frequently lower tract symptoms (e.g. frequency, urgency, and dysuria), at times, the lower tract symptoms antedate the appearance of fever and upper tract symptoms by 1 or 2 days ………….

30
Q

Older patient symptoms

A

Symptoms of upper tract infection are often atypical e.g. abdominal pain, change in mental status. Symptoms are often not diagnostic, ..

31
Q

What does flowchart for adults over 65 years with suspected UTI show?

A

Do not perform urine dipsticks - becomes more unreliable with increasing age over 65 years. Up to half of older adults and most with a urinary catheter, will have bacteria present in the bladder/urine without an infection. ‘Asymptom….

32
Q

Investigation of UTI for uncomplicated uti/pyelonephritis

A

Urine dipstick; MSU for urine microscopy, culture and sensitivities; bloods - FBC, U&Es, CRP (inflammatory markers and renal function)

33
Q

Investigation of complicated UTI

A

…

34
Q

Send a urine culture in if …

A

…

35
Q

Consider risk factors for resistance and send urine for culture if …

A

…

36
Q

sampling in all men and women

A

…

37
Q

How do I interpret a urine culture result if I suspect a UTI?

A

…

38
Q

How to interpret …

A

…

39
Q

Sampling for UTI

A

MSU, catheter, aspiration?

40
Q

positive nitrates?

A

…

41
Q

What do white cells pyuria suggest

A

indicative of infection

42
Q

What do squamous epithelial cells indicate

A

contamination

43
Q

Treatment for UTI

A

…

44
Q

Complications of UTI

A

Perinephric abscessm chronic pyelopnephritis, septic hock, acute papillary necorsis

45
Q

Prophylaxis for UTI

A

Controversial ….

46
Q

Which of the following dipstick parameters is a product of nitrate reductase and suggestive of uti?

A

nitrites

47
Q

egg shaped cells

A

squamous epithelial cells

48
Q

Presence of which cells indicate a poorly taken sample?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

Abbie Year 5 Pathology (18 decks)

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