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Abbie Year 5 Pathology > Skin Pathology > Flashcards

Skin Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis made of?

A

Mainly made of keratinocytes. Has 4 layers - stratum basale/basal is deepest layer, stratum spinosum/spinous layer (thickest layer), stratum granulosum/granulosa layer and stratum corneum/corneal layer

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2
Q

Where are melanocytes normally seen?

A

Stratum basale, interspersed between keratinocytes.

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3
Q

What is the base of the dermis?

A

Collagen

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4
Q

Inflammatory reaction patterns in the epirdermis

A

Spongiotic, lichenoid, psoriasiform, vesiculobullous

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5
Q

Inflammatory reaction patterns in the dermis

A

Vasculitic, granulomatous

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6
Q

Inflammatory reaction patterns in the dermis

A

Panniculitis e.g. erythema nodosum

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7
Q

Spongiotic reaction example

A

Eczema (contact dermatitis,

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8
Q

What is seen in eczema

A

spongiosis edema, superficial …

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9
Q

What is seen in lichenoid inflammation?

A

Lichen planus. Shiny, purple, flat topped scaly papules …

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10
Q

Lichen planus is an example of which type of reaction pattern?

A

Lichenoid

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11
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Steven-Johnsons Synrome

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12
Q

What type of reaction pattern is erythema multiforme?

A

Lichenoid

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13
Q

What type of reaction pattern is psoriasis?

A

Psoriasiform

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14
Q

How long keratinocytes?

A

1 - 28 days to reach the the top

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15
Q

How long keratinocytes lives in psoriasis

A

1 - 7 days, can see nucleus in the cells at the top

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16
Q

What happens in psoriasis?

A

Abnormally rapid turnover of the epidermis results in the accumulation of a thick scale over sites of frequent . Sometimes white blood cells are seen in the corneal layer?

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17
Q

Silvery plaque

A

psoriasis

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18
Q

Vesiculobullous reaction pattern examples

A

Bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus

19
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A

large tense bullae …

20
Q

What happens in bullous pemphigoid

A

Antiboidies attack basement membrane and epidermis lifts of dermis resulting in a blister. Lots of eosinophil, itchy.

21
Q

How to detect bullous pemphigoid

A

Direct immunofluorescence - linear IgG

22
Q

Pemphigus superficial and deep

A

Superficial - pemphigus follaceous, deep - pemphigus vulgaris

23
Q

What happens in pemphigus vulgaris

A

Deep intraepidermal/suprabasal acatholysis

24
Q

Detecting pemphigus …

A

Intercellular deposits of IgG - chicken wire pattern

25
Q

Where in the epidermis does the bullae in pemphigus vugaris form?

A

Intraepidermal / stratum spinosum?

26
Q

Primary skin cancers

A

melanomas, non melanoma (basal and squamous cell carcinoma)

27
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis

A

Acanthosis, horn pseudocysts ///

28
Q

commonest form of skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer)

29
Q

What does BCC look like

A

Pearly, locally aggressive, hardly ever metastasise, PTCH mutation

30
Q

What is PTCH mutation

A

Symmetric mutation, caused by UV damage

31
Q

BCC???

A

Basaloid, peripheral palisading, clefting …

32
Q

Premalignant condition … dysplasia in epidermis

A

…

33
Q

What do you see in dysplasia

A

atypia of basal layer

34
Q

Bowen’s disease (SCC in situ) layers affected

A

Full thickness atypia, basement membrane intact, increased mitotic activity

35
Q

SCC presentation

A

Irregular aggregates of pink cells, …, keratin pearls, perineural invasion, increased mitotic activity

36
Q

Benign naevi - junctional nevus

A

epidermis

37
Q

Benign naevi - Compund naevus

A

epidermis and dermis

38
Q

Benign naevi - Intradermal naevus

A

dermis

39
Q

How do benign naevi look?

A

Symmetrical, maturation with death (bigger cells at the epidermis junction, gets smaller as it moves down).

40
Q

Malignant melanoma A - G

A

Asymmetry, border, colour variation/change, different/diameter, e…

41
Q

malignant melanoma what does it look like?

A

cellular atypia, asymmetry, pagetoid spread (ascend in the epidermis)

42
Q

stains for malenocytes

A

….

43
Q

Melanoma prognistic indicators

A

*Breslow thickness, *ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, Clark level, microsatellites, TILs, regression, mitotic index

Abbie Year 5 Pathology (18 decks)

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