Systeme Sanguin 1: Immune Cells Flashcards
What are the Granulocytes?
Neutrophiles:
Eosinophile:
Basophile
What are the mononucleated leucocytes?
Lymphocytes
and
Monocytes
What are Erythrocytes ?
Red Blood Cells:
Principle role is in oxygen transportation
White Blood Cell important in Important for parasitic activity
Eosinophile
Macrophage progenitor?
Monocyte
What is Wright Giemsa
Coloration used for blood or bone marrow
What are the three types of cellules souche?
Long Term:
Most primitive
Can do symmetrical replication
Short Term:
Multipotent Progenitors:
Caractéristiques des cellules souches hématopoïétiques
majoritairement en quiescence (G0) -> ésistance aux drogues cytotoxiques in vivo
CD150+ CD48- Lineage- Sca-1+ c-kit+
Fetal Cells are very proliferative engaged in symmetric divisions
After a while up to adulthood, CSHs will become quiescentes → asymmetric division
Symmetric vs Asymmetric division?
- Les divisions symétriques peuvent générer 2 CSHs ou 2 cellules filles plus
- Self Renewal : Long term creating more long terms
- Differentiation : a multipotent cell giving more multipotent cells
- les divisions asymmetries préservent le nombre de CSHs dans un état d’équilibre
TRUE OR FALSEm Symmetric division will give birth to two new CSH?
FALSE
- Les divisions symétriques peuvent générer 2 CSHs ou 2 cellules filles plus
- Self Renewal : Long term creating more long terms
- Differentiation : a multipotent cell giving more multipotent cells
What is the origin of all stem cells?
All stem cells (cellules souches) originate from the mesoderm
Mesoderm cells engage in both endothelial and hemopoietic lineages
What are hemangioblasts ?
Mesoderm cells engage in both endothelial and hemopoietic lineages
Thus they from bipotent progenitors → hemangioblasts
Hemangioblasts migrate to the YOLK SAC to give rise to what kind of cells?
Give rise to primitive erythroid (red blood) cells
What is aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM)?
The principal site of stem cell origin
Difference between definitive and adult hematopoesis?
The principal site of stem cell origin is AGM
These cells will migrate to Liver (Foie) → the new primary site (until birth) → hématopoïèse définitive
In birth we find stem cells in the Bone Marrow (moelle osseuse) → hématopoïèse adulte
What is le rôle du microenvironnement (niche)?
The microenvironment that determines the growth of CSH
The niche keeps the CSH in quiescence (G0) → protect against mutation etc and activate when needed
As such, garde la CSH dans une balance dynamique entre l’auto-renouvellement et la différenciation
Cell-Cell attachement, soluble factors, intermidiate cell regulation
Difference in niche vs outside of niche SCH cells and their differentiation
in an asymmetric division:
In the niche, it is the environment that determines the fate
Outside of the niche, it is the location and presentation of the cell fate factors that will determine
thrombopoiétine (TPO):
joue un role primordial dans la production des mégakaryocytes et des plaquettes et intervient dans les étapes précoces de la production de globules rouges
érythropoiétine (EPO):
contrôle la phase tardive de la production des érythrocytes
Growth factor related to éosinophiles?
interleukine 5 (IL-5):
Facterus de croissance qui influencent les cellules de soutien du microenvironnement (niche)
interleukine-1 (IL-1) and facteur de nécrose tumorale (TNF)
allogreffe vs autogreffe
donation of stems cells from compatible donor vs oneself (from umbical cord)
What is érythropoïèse, what is key about it?
érythropoïèse → red blood cell production
remember that the cytosquelette of RedBloodCells is specialized to be highly deformable
important so that the RBC can travel through arteries and veins
all RBC that are not flexible enough or that have issues will be macrophaged away
What is a érythropoïèse related disease?
Anemia: diminution de la concentration sanguine en hémoglobine:
What are the different ways neutrophiles can act on a inflamatory response?
Neutrophile of granulocytes can release their granules in two ways:
dégranulation
exocytosis
Can phagocyte bacteria
What is the final cell that comes from le processus de la granulopoïèse?
Final cell will be neutrophile (band cell)
What are Megakaryocytes ?
big cells that will give birth to plaquettes (from their pseudopodes)
What is Monopoïèse?
Monopoïèse→ gives monocytes :
Futur macrophages résidents
Which cell is responsible for the following: transforment l’antigène et le présente aux lymphocytes T, déclanchant une réponse immunitaire adaptative
monocytes, resident macrophages
What is lymphopoïèse and principal site of it?
lymphopoïèse = lymphocytes B, lymphocytes T (via le thymus) et cellules natural killer (NK)
