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A Level > Synthetic Roots > Flashcards

Synthetic Roots Flashcards

1
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

NaOH, reflux

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2
Q

Ester to Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid (base hydrolysis)

A

Dilute NaOH, reflux

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3
Q

Ester to Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid (acid hydrolysis)

A

H2O, H2SO4, reflux, reversible

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4
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4 then water

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid and alcohol to ester

A

H2SO4 catalyst, heat

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6
Q

Acyl chloride and alcohol to ester

A

20 degrees, irreversible

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7
Q

Acid anhydride and alcohol to ester

A

Warm, irreversible

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8
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat, orange to green

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9
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Conc H2SO4, reflux

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10
Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4

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11
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux, orange to green

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12
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2, Ni

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13
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam and H3PO4

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14
Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, warm

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15
Q

Benzene to methylbenzene

A

CH3Cl haloalkane, AlCl3 halogen carrier catalyst

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16
Q

Benzene to phenylethanone

A

CH3COCl acyl chloride, AlCl3, reflux

17
Q

Benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Cl2, AlCl3 halogen carrier

18
Q

Benzene to phenylamine

A

Tin, conc HCl, Nitrobenzene, reflux, 100 degrees then NaOH

19
Q

Phenol to nitrophenol

A

Dilute or conc HNO3

20
Q

Phenol to bromophenol

A

Br2 bromine water

21
Q

Phenol to phenylester

A

Acyl chloride, 20C, quicker

22
Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

NaOH base, 20 degrees

23
Q

Amino acids

A

Amphoteric, zwitterion

24
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN, ethanol, reflux

25
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia, heat

26
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

H2O, HCl, reflux

27
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

H2/Ni or LiAlH4 then H2SO4

28
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN, H2SO4

29
Q

Carboxylic acid and amine to polymer

A

Polyamide formed, water lost

30
Q

Carboxylic acid and alcohol to polymer

A

Polyester formed, water lost

31
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3

32
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Amine

33
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

34
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Cold H2O

35
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

X2, UV light

A Level (25 decks)

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