Synthetic Roots Flashcards by Mary Tilling

Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

NaOH, reflux

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Q

Ester to Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid (base hydrolysis)

A

Dilute NaOH, reflux

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Q

Ester to Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid (acid hydrolysis)

A

H2O, H2SO4, reflux, reversible

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Q

Aldehyde/ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4 then water

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Q

Carboxylic acid and alcohol to ester

A

H2SO4 catalyst, heat

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Q

Acyl chloride and alcohol to ester

A

20 degrees, irreversible

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Q

Acid anhydride and alcohol to ester

A

Warm, irreversible

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Q

Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat, orange to green

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Conc H2SO4, reflux

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Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux, orange to green

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Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2, Ni

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Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam and H3PO4

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Q

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

A

Conc HNO3, conc H2SO4, warm

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Q

Benzene to methylbenzene

A

CH3Cl haloalkane, AlCl3 halogen carrier catalyst

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Q

Benzene to phenylethanone

A

CH3COCl acyl chloride, AlCl3, reflux

Q

Benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Cl2, AlCl3 halogen carrier

Q

Benzene to phenylamine

A

Tin, conc HCl, Nitrobenzene, reflux, 100 degrees then NaOH

Q

Phenol to nitrophenol

A

Dilute or conc HNO3

Q

Phenol to bromophenol

A

Br2 bromine water

Q

Phenol to phenylester

A

Acyl chloride, 20C, quicker

Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

NaOH base, 20 degrees

Q

Amino acids

A

Amphoteric, zwitterion

Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN, ethanol, reflux

Haloalkane to amine

Excess ethanolic ammonia, heat

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

H2O, HCl, reflux

Nitrile to amine

H2/Ni or LiAlH4 then H2SO4

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

HCN, H2SO4

Carboxylic acid and amine to polymer

Polyamide formed, water lost

Carboxylic acid and alcohol to polymer

Polyester formed, water lost

Acyl chloride to primary amide

NH3

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

Amine

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

SOCl2

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Cold H2O

Alkane to haloalkane

X2, UV light