Atom, bonding and groups past paper corrections Flashcards
What is the relative mass of an electron?
0.0005
What is the relative energy between the s orbitals and the p orbitals?
The p orbitals have greater energy than the s orbitals
What is the definition of molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element that make up a molecule
How do Van der Waals forces arise between halogens?
- There is an uneven distribution of electrons
- This creates an instantaneous dipole
- This causes an induced dipole on a neighbouring halogen
- This creates a London force
Why do boiling points increase down group 7 (halogens)?
Br has more electrons than Cl so it can form more London forces
This is stronger so requires more energy to break them
What is a repeating pattern of properties in the periodic table called?
Periodicity
How are there differences in melting points in metallically bonded compounds?
eg. Na and Mg
- There are more outer electrons in Mg
- Therefore the Mg IONS have a greater CHARGE density
- So there is a greater attraction between ions and delocalised electrons
What is the compound containing sulfur and fluorine that forms 8 bonds?
SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride
What is the shape of a molecule that has two bonded pairs and two lone pairs?
Non linear
How do you work out the relative atomic mass?
You times the mass number by the percentage (in decimal form) and then add them all up
What is the definition of relative atomic mass?
The mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon 12
What colour is iodine?
Purple in an organic solvent
How is a salt formed?
A hydrogen ion has been replaced by a metal ion
What is the definition of empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound
How many electrons are in the fourth shell?
32
What is the definition of an ionic lattice?
A repeating pattern of oppositely charged ions
What is the definition of electronegativity?
The ability of a bonded atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a double bond
What type of reaction is carbonate to oxide?
Thermal decomposition
What is an alkali?
A proton acceptor that is soluble and releases OH- ions into a solution
