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GI I > Synthesis of FAs and TAGs > Flashcards

Synthesis of FAs and TAGs Flashcards

1
Q

What can acetyl CoA be produced from?

A

Pyruvate
Ketogenic AAs
FA oxidation
Alcohol metabolism

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2
Q

How is acetyl CoA moved out of the mitochondria?

A

OAA is added to form citrate by citrate synthase
Citrate transporter out of mitochondria
OAA removed in cytosol by citrate lyase using ATP

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3
Q

What can occur using the free OAA in the cytosol?

A

Glucose production - converted to malate - malate converted to pyruvate producing NADPH

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4
Q

What are the two main enzymes of FA synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Fatty acid synthase complex

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5
Q

What are the coenzymes required for FA synthesis?

A

Biotin
NADPH
Mn
Mg

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6
Q

What is the reaction catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA using ATP and CO2. Biotin as a coenzyme

Irreversible

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7
Q

How is Malonyl CoA used in FA synthesis?

A

It enters FA synthase complex where additional malonyl groups are added in 7 cycles until the chain is 16 C long

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8
Q

How does citrate regulate acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

Activator

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9
Q

What are inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

Malonyl CoA
Palmitoyl CoA

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10
Q

What inhibits the transition between inactive and active forms of Acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

LCFA CoA

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11
Q

How will phosphorylation affect acetyl CoA carboxylase?

A

It deactivates it

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12
Q

How will glucagon and epinephrine regulate acetyl CoA?

A

phosphorylation

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13
Q

How will insulin regulate acetyl CoA?

A

Dephosphorylation

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14
Q

How is palmitate elongated?

A

Activated to palmitoyl CoA
Lengthened by 2 C units using Malonyl CoA

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15
Q

Where does desaturation of FAs occur?

A

sER

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16
Q

What is required for desaturation of FAs?

A

Fatty acyl-CoA
Desaturases
Cytochrome b5
NADH
O2

17
Q

What are the major organs of TAG synthesis?

A

Liver
Adipose tissues
Lactating mammary glands

18
Q

What are the components required for TAG synthesis?

A

Acyl CoA
Glycerol-3P

19
Q

What is the first step of TAG synthesis?

A

Activation of FAs to Acyl-CoA by Acyl-CoA synthetase using ATP and Mg

20
Q

What is the second step of TAG synthesis?

A

Activation of glycerol to alpha-glycero-P ysing glycerokinase and ATP

Or synthesis of alpha-glycero-P from DHAP by glycerol-3P DH using NADH in adipose

21
Q

What is the third step of TAG synthesis?

A

Esterification

Alpha-glycero-P + 3 acyl CoA in multiple steps

22
Q

What enzymes are involved in the third step of TAG synthesis?

A

Glycerol-3P-acyl transferase
1-acylglycerol-3P-acyl transferase
Phosphotidate phosphohydrolase
Diacylglycerol acyl transferase

GI I (19 decks)

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