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GI I > ETC and oxidative phosphorylation > Flashcards

ETC and oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the label given to exergonic reactions in metabolism?

A

Catabolic

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2
Q

What is the label given to endergonic reactions in metabolism?

A

Anabolic

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3
Q

What makes a reaction oxidative?

A

Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons
Loss of hydrogen

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4
Q

What makes a reaction reductive?

A

Loss of oxygen
Gain of electrons
Gain of hydrogen

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5
Q

What are the three molecules that can move freely across the IMM?

A

H2O
O2
CO2

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6
Q

What are the sources of FADH2 used in the ETC?

A

Succinate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase in beta-oxidation

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7
Q

What are the sources of NADH used in the ETC?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3P DH in glycolysis
PDH in glycolysis
Isocitrate DH in TCA cycle
Alpha-ketoglutarate DH in TCA cycle
Malate DH in TCA cycle
Beta-hydroxyacyl CoA DH in beta-oxidation

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8
Q

What are the two shuttles to bring NADH into the mitochondria?

A

Malate-aspartate shuttle
Glycerol 3P shuttle

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9
Q

In which cells of the body is the malate-aspartate shuttle found?

A

Liver
Heart muscles

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10
Q

In which cells of the body is the glycerol 3P shuttle mainly used?

A

Brain
Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What are the mobile carriers used in the ETC?

A

Ubiquinone/coenzyme Q
Cytochrome C

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12
Q

What are the two minerals found in the cytochromes used in ETC?

A

Iron in all
Copper in a and a3

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13
Q

What are the prosthetic groups of complex I of the ETC?

A

FMN
6-7 Fe-S clusters

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14
Q

What is the basic function of complex I of the ETC?

A

Change NADH to NAD giving the electrons to CoQ

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15
Q

What are the prosthetic groups of complex II of the ETC?

A

FAD
Fe-S

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16
Q

What is the basic function of complex II of the ETC?

A

Transfers electrons from FADH2 to CoQ

17
Q

What is the enzyme name of complex I of the ETC?

A

NADH CoQ reductase/NADH dehydrogenase

18
Q

What is the enzyme name of complex II of the ETC?

A

Succinate CoQ reductase

19
Q

What is the enzyme name of the Complex III of the ETC?

A

Cytochrome reductase

20
Q

What is the general function of complex III of the ETC?

A

Accepts electrons from CoQ and transfers them to cytochrome C

21
Q

What are the prosthetic groups of complex III?

A

Cytochrome B
Fe-S
Cytochrome C1

22
Q

What is the enzyme name of complex IV of the ETC?

A

Cytochrome oxidase

23
Q

What is the general function of complex IV of the ETC?

A

Accept electrons from cytochrome C and transfer them to O2 to make H2O

24
Q

What are the prosthetic groups of complex IV?

A

Cytochrome A with copper
Cytochrome A3 with copper

25
Q

What are the two subunits of ATP synthase on IMM?

A

Fo - proton channel
F1 - catalyzes ATP synthesis

26
Q

How with increased levels of ADP, Pi, NADH, and FADH2 affect the rate of ETC?

A

They will increase the rate of ETC

27
Q

How will hypoxia affect the rate of the ETC?

A

Decrease the rate

28
Q

What are the site specific inhibitors of complex I of the ETC?

A

Amobarbital
Rotenone
Piericidin A

29
Q

What are the site specific inhibitors of complex II of the ETC?

A

TTFA - tenoyltrifluoro acetone
Carboxin

30
Q

What are the site specific inhibitors of complex III of the ETC?

A

Antimyxin A
BAL - British antilewisite

31
Q

What are the site specific inhibitors of complex IV of the ETC?

A

Cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Sodium azide
Hydrogen sulfide

32
Q

What are inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Oligomycin
Uncouplers
Atractyloside

33
Q

What is the action of uncouplers?

A

Leakage of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix acting as ionophores

34
Q

What is the result of the action of uncouplers?

A

Abolition of the electrochemical gradient

35
Q

What are some examples of uncouplers?

A

2,4 dinitrophenol
Dinitrocresol
High dose of aspirin
High dose of salicylates
UCP in brown adipose tissue

36
Q

How does oligomycin inhibit oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Binds to Fo region of ATP synthase and closes the proton channel

37
Q

How does atractyloside inhibit oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Inhibits ATP transport across IMM

GI I (19 decks)

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