Stomach and spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

Left of midline at level of left 7th costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

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2
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Failure of gastroesophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing

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3
Q

What is a common cause of achalasia?

A

Absence of myenteric plexus

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4
Q

What is the location of the pyloric sphincter?

A

L1 - transpyloric plane

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5
Q

What are signs of pyloric stenosis?

A

Non-bilious projectile vomiting
Polyhydramnios

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6
Q

What structures form the bed of the stomach?

A

Left dome of diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney
Left adrenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon

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7
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

T6-T9 thoracic splanchnic N

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8
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?

A

Anterior and posterior vagal trunks

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9
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach?

A

Gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes to pyloric, pancreaticosplenic, and pancreaticoduodenal nodes, to celiac lymph nodes

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10
Q

What artery is most commonly affected by erosion of the stomach from an ulcer?

A

Left gastric

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11
Q

Where are peptic ulcers located?

A

Pyloric canal
Duodenum - more common

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12
Q

What artery can be damaged by erosion of the posterior duodenum from peptic ulcers?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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13
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Filtration of blood by phagocytosis
Hematopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis

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14
Q

What rib is associated with the location of the spleen?

A

Left 10th rib

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15
Q

What are the impressions on the visceral surface of the spleen?

A

Gastric impression
Renal impression
Colic impression
Pancreatic impression

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the spleen?

A

Gastrosplenic
Splenorenal
Phrenicocolic
Splenophrenic

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17
Q

Where does lymph from the spleen drain?

A

Pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the spleen?

A

Celiac plexus

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19
Q

Where is the spleen palpable in splenomegaly?

A

Under the left costal arch

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20
Q

Fracturs of what ribs may damage the spleen?

A

Left 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs

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21
Q

What are the unpaired visceral branches of the abd aorta?

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

22
Q

What are the paired visceral branches of the abd aorta?

A

Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal

23
Q

What are the paired parietal branches of the abd aorta?

A

Subcostal
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar

24
Q

What branches of the abd aorta come off at T12?

A

Celiac
Inferior phrenic

25
Q

What branches of the abd aorta come off at L1?

A

Superior mesenteric
Suprarenal
Renal

26
Q

What branches of the abd aorta come off at L2?

A

Gonadal
Subcostal

27
Q

What branch of the abd aorta comes off at L3?

A

Inferior mesenteric

28
Q

What branch of the abdominal aorta comes of at L1-L4?

A

Lumbar

29
Q

What are the branches of the celiac artery?

A

Left gastric
Common hepatic
Splenic

30
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Proper hepatic to cystic A
Gastroduodenal to sup pancreaticoduodenal, right gastroepiploid, and supreaduodenal A
Right gastric A

31
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

Pancreatic branches
Short gastric branches
Left gastroepiploic A

32
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Submucosa

33
Q

Where do the gastric glands open?

A

Into the bottom of gastric pits

34
Q

What are histological markers of the fundus of the stomach?

A

Shallow pits
Fundic glands - narrower lumen

35
Q

What are general histological markers of the cardia and pyloric regions of the stomach?

A

Deep pits
Cardiac glands - wider lumen
Pyloric glands - wider lumen

36
Q

What lines the surface and pits of the stomach?

A

Mucous cells

37
Q

What are the five major cell types in the epithelium of a fundic gland?

A

Mucous neck cells
Parietal/oxyntic cells
Chief/peptic/zymogenic cells
Enteroendocrine cells (DNES)
Stem cells

38
Q

What is produced by parietal/oxyntic cells?

A

HCl
Intrinsic factor

39
Q

What is produced by chief/peptic cells?

A

Pepsinogen

40
Q

What is the lifespan of surface-lining cells in the stomach?

A

3-5 days

41
Q

What is the lifespan of mucous neck cells in the stomach?

A

6 days

42
Q

What is the lifespan of parietal cells in the stomach?

A

200 days

43
Q

What is the lifespan of Chief cells and DNES cells in the stomach?

A

60-90 days

44
Q

What color will parietal cells stain?

A

Pink because they are acidophilic

45
Q

What is the function of gastric intrinsic factor?

A

Binds to vit B12 to facilitate its absorption in the ileum?

46
Q

What is the result of low vitamin B12?

A

Pernicious anemia

47
Q

What color will chief cells stain?

A

Purple because they are basophilic

48
Q

When is pepsinogen converted to pepsin?

A

When it comes into contact with acidic gastric juice

49
Q

What type of epithelium is in the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

50
Q

What are the 3 components of the gastric mucosal barrier?

A

Viscid mucus layer secreted by surface cells
Bicarbonate ions secreted by epithelial cells
compact epithelial lining with tight junctions