synthesis from A.A

Question 1

tyrosine is turned into _____ via DOPA

Answer 1

dopamine

Question 2

tyrosine is turned into DOPA by ________ and uses ____ as a cofactor

Answer 2

by tyrosine hydroxylase and uses THB as a cofactor

Question 3

will cause loss of CO2 from DOPA and from Dopamine

Answer 3

aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

Question 4

reaction from dopa to dopamine uses _____ as a cofactor

Answer 4

PLP

Question 5

is used in pleasure system and motivation systems of the brain

Answer 5

dopamine

Question 6

thyroid peroxidase iodinates tyrosine residues on

Answer 6

thyroglobulin

Question 7

thyroid peroxidase causes conjugation of _____ to ____

Answer 7

diiodotyrosine to thyroxine

Question 8

causes metabolic metabolic stimulation in cells

Answer 8

thyroxine

Question 9

overstimulated thyroglobulin leading to excess thyroxine production

Answer 9

grave’s

Question 10

synthesis of glycine, serine, cystein and methionine requires the addition of

Answer 10

1 carbon molecules

Question 11

derived from dietary folate or vitamin folic acid

Answer 11

tetrahydrofolate

Question 12

dihydrofolate is reduced via _______ to THF

Answer 12

dihydrofolate reductase

Question 13

irreversible folate interconversion

Answer 13

N5 Methyl-THF

Question 14

methionine can react with AtP and methionine adenosyl transferase to form

Answer 14

S-adenosyl methionine - SAM

Question 15

SAM acts as a cosubstrate with a generic methyl transferase and donates its ______ to other substrates

Answer 15

methyl group

Question 16

NE takes methyl to form

Answer 16

epinephrine

Question 17

loss if methyl of SAM forms

Answer 17

S-adenosyl homocysteine

Question 18

action of hydrolase cleaves S-adenosyl homocysteine to

Answer 18

homocysteine

Question 19

homocysteine reacts with N5 methyl THF under action of _______ leading to ______________; cofactor used is

Answer 19

action of methionine synthase to leading to methionine; cofactor used is VB12

Question 20

arginine can react with glycine to form ____________ and __________-

Answer 20

Guanidinoacetic acid and ornithine

Question 21

guanidinoacetic acid reacts with SAM to form ________ and _________-

Answer 21

Creatine and S-adenosyl homoceysteine

Question 22

reaction of ATP and creatinine will form

Answer 22

phosphocreatine

Question 23

creatine is made in the _____ but travels to brain/muscles

Answer 23

creatine

Question 24

is ATP reservoir in muscle; combines with ADP to form ATP

Answer 24

phosphocreatine

Question 25

degradation of phosphocreatine forms

Answer 25

creatinine

Question 26

creatinine is excreted in ______ since it is filtered it can act as a measurement for

Answer 26

excreted in liver and can be used to measure GFR

Question 27

action of hydrolase cleaves S-adenosyl homocysteine to homocysteine and subsequent used to create ______ or _____

Answer 27

methionine or cysteine

Question 28

homocysteine reacts with ____________ under action of methionine synthase to form methionine; uses ____as a cofactor

Answer 28

methionine synthase and uses VB12 as a cofactor

Question 29

methionine can be regenerated from homcysteine via choline derivative called

Answer 29

betaine

Question 30

homocysteine reacts with ________ under action of cystathione B-synthase and uses _____ as a cofactor

Answer 30

serine and uses PLP as a cofactor

Question 31

cystahionine is cleaved by cystathionase to and uses _____ as a cofactor

Answer 31

cysteine and uses PLP as a cofactor

Question 32

cysteine has a __________ feedback on cystathione B-synthase

Answer 32

negative

Question 33

cysteine can be degraded to alpha-ketobutyrate which can then become

Answer 33

succinyl-CoA

Question 34

cystein is derived from

Answer 34

serine and methionine

Question 35

cystein can be used to form ____, a major constituent of bile

Answer 35

taurine

Question 36

methionine synthase reaction combines N5 methyl THF with homocysteine and uses VB12 as a cofactor to regenerate methionine

Answer 36

folate trap

Question 37

deficiency in cobalamine results in deficiency of

Answer 37

folate

Question 38

homocysteine is made from _________ reaction to form SAM

Answer 38

methionine

Question 39

homocysteine stays as homocysteine in the cells, in the urine it becomes

Answer 39

homocystine

Question 40

defect in cystathionine can lead to high levels of homocysteine can lead to form

Answer 40

homocystine

Question 41

treatment for high concentration to homocystine

Answer 41

VitB6 also give choline/betaine

Question 42

choline/betaine

Answer 42

consumes homocysteine and form methionine

Question 43

increased risk of arterial disease and patients are tall/thin and have vision problems

Answer 43

high levels of homocystine