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Biochem 4 > Nitrogen > Flashcards

Nitrogen Flashcards

exam 4

1
Q

present in AA and when AA get degrades it has two fates

A

nitrogen

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2
Q

nitrogen components can be used to

A

create nitrogen containing compounds like heme or is excreted as urea

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3
Q

under conditions of constant weight, ureas

A

is the only paarameter that changes according to protein intake

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4
Q

balanced nitrogen levels

A

not gaining muscle or protein

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5
Q

positive nitrogen levels

A

overall increase in body protein

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6
Q

negative nitrogen levels from trauma

A

higher loss of body protein and more urea excretion

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7
Q

negative nitrogen levels from insufficient protein/dietary protein

A

loss of body protein to A.A. pool

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8
Q

ammonia regeneration in

A

liver

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9
Q

ammonia is incorporate to

A

urea

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10
Q

transfer of nitrogen to

A

common carrier

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11
Q

catalyzes reaction of alpha-ketoglutarate nad AA

A

aminotransferase

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12
Q

alpha-keto and AA forms

A

glutamate and alpha-keto acid

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13
Q

cofactor in reaction of alpha-keto to glutamate

A

PLP

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14
Q

PLP is derived from vitamin

A

B6

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15
Q

catalyzes rxn of glutamate to alpha-ketogluturate and ammonia

A

glutamate DH

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16
Q

Glutamate DH occurs in the

A

mitochondria

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17
Q

Glutamate DH produces

A

NADH

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18
Q

Glutamate DH is inhibited by

A

energy rich

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19
Q

Glutamate DH is activated by

A

low energy

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20
Q

there is only one reaction that can form ammonia

A

FALSE: a few different one

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21
Q

ammonia can be excreted in three ways

A
  1. run Glutamate DH in reverse
  2. Create Glutamine via Glutamine synth
  3. urea cycle
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22
Q

when glutamte DH is done in the reverse and creates glutamate it consumes

A

NH4+

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23
Q

is a central intersection of the urea cycle

A

glutamate

24
Q

the creation or consumption of glutamate results in the formation of

A

NH4+

25
Q

reaction of glutamine to glutamate via glutaminase results in

A

NH4+

26
Q

alanine or AA can turn into glutamate in cytosol

A

coming from muscle by Cori/cahill cycle

27
Q

reacts later on in urea cycle to donate NH4+

A

aspartate

28
Q

reaction of aspartate aminotransferase react glutamate + OAA to form

A

alpha-keto and aspartate

29
Q

combines in the mitochondria with ornithine and ornithine transcarbamoylase

A

carbamoyl phosphate

30
Q

carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine –>

A

citrulline

31
Q

citrulline leaves the mitochondria by

A

ATP dependent transport

32
Q

citrulline in the cytoplasm combines with aspartate to make

A

argininosuccinate

33
Q

enzyme that is used to catalyze the reaction between citrulline and aspartate

A

argininosuccinate synthase

34
Q

argininosuccinate is broken by

A

argininosuccinase

35
Q

argininosuccinate is broken down to

A

fumarate and arginine

36
Q

arginine is broken down by

A

arginase

37
Q

arginine is broken to produce _________ and regenerate _______

A

urea and regenerate ornithine

38
Q

reenters the mitochondria to start cycle

A

ornithine

39
Q

urea has

A

2 ammonia molecules

40
Q

urea ammonia comes from

A

NH4+ and from aspartate

41
Q

CPSI is strongly promoted by

A

N-acetyl glutamate

42
Q

strong promoter of N-acetyl glutamate

A

arginine

43
Q

dysfunction of NAGs leads to low activated of CPSI

A

NAGS deficiency

44
Q

carbaglu

A

treats NAGs deficinecy

45
Q

CPSI catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and NH4+ and 2 ATP to form

A

carbamoyl phosphate

46
Q

developmental delays, cognitive delays, seizures, protein intolerance

A

genetic defects of urea cycle

47
Q

tx for defects in urea cycle

A
  • low protein diet

- increase nitrogen excretion

48
Q

acts as a product and substrate of the urea cycle

A

ornithine

49
Q

can react with alpha-ketoglutarate to form glutamate via glutamic x-semialdehyde

A

orntihine

50
Q

glutamic x-semialdehyde can be turned into

A

proline

51
Q

ornithine can be used to create

A

Arginine

52
Q

arginine is used to make

A

NO and creatine

53
Q

can be used to make polyamines

A

ornithine

54
Q

is the one that binds DNA in sperm

A

spermine

55
Q

arginine, ornithine, glutamate/glutamine and proline are all

A

metabolically linked

Biochem 4 (8 decks)

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