Protein digestion

Question 1

source of nitrogen-containing substances in the body, including proteins, heme, nucleic acids

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

used for fuel or for making glucose

Answer 2

excess amino acids

Question 3

aa pool of blood supplies aa’s to

Answer 3

tissues

Question 4

where is pepsin found?

Answer 4

stomach

Question 5

where is trypsin found?

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

where is chymotrypsin found?

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

where is elastase found?

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

where is carboxypeptidase found?

Answer 8

small intestine

Question 9

propetide of pepsin binds at

Answer 9

high pH

Question 10

pepsin is active at

Answer 10

low pH

Question 11

which organ secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach contents?

Answer 11

Pancreas

Question 12

pancreas is stimulated by ____ to release bicarbonate

Answer 12

CCK

Question 13

key enzyme to convert zymogens to active enzyme

Answer 13

trypsin

Question 14

released from the cells lining the small intestine to initiate trypsinogen conversion to trypsin

Answer 14

enteropeptidase

Question 15

biochemical basis of inherited forms of pancreatitis stems from

Answer 15

overactive trypsin

Question 16

mutations in trypsin

Answer 16

reduce binding to its inhibitor

Question 17

transported across membranes using transporters that are specific for groups of aa

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

amino acids are brought into cells typically using a

Answer 18

sodium-linked transporter

Question 19

disease that results from a

Answer 19

defective transport

Question 20

defective transport in cystinuria also leads to

Answer 20

elevated lysine because it uses the same transporter

Question 21

build up of cystein leads to

Answer 21

cystine-based deposits in the kidney

Question 22

loss of tryptophan because of a defective transporter

Answer 22

Hartnup

Question 23

hartnup leads to

Answer 23

tryptophan deficiency

Question 24

made from tryptophan

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

D3: dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

Answer 25

deficiency in niacin- Pellagra

Question 26

difference btween Pellagra and Hartnup?

Answer 26

high tryptophan in urine in Hartnup

Question 27

intracellular proteins recognized by _____________ and are tagged by _____________ and degraded by the ________

Answer 27

intracellular proteins recognized by E3 ubiquitin-ligase and are tagged by polyubiquitin and degraded by the proteasome

Question 28

An initiating ______ ligates uniquitin to an E3 bound substrate

Answer 28

E2

Question 29

signals for protein to be tagged can be

Answer 29

within the amino acid sequences

Question 30

example of a signal within aa

Answer 30

identity of the N-terminal aa

Question 31

HPV E6 protein to recruit E6-AP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase

Answer 31

facilitator protein

Question 32

recognizes and ubiquitinates p53

Answer 32

E6-AP

Question 33

products of proteosome are

Answer 33

short peptides

Question 34

the short peptides are degraded to aa by

Answer 34

cellular proteases

Question 35

example of an E3-type ubiquitin ligase that is associated with Parkinson's disease

Answer 35

Parkin

Question 36

re-used

Answer 36

ubiquitin

Question 37

doesn't allow ubiquitin recycling and might contribute to Parkinson's

Answer 37

lack of deubiquintinase

Question 38

more protein is ______ and _______ than used in the diet

Answer 38

broken down and re-made

Question 39

amino acid pool turns over

Answer 39

frequently

Question 40

disease of inadequate protein

Answer 40

kwashiorkor

Question 41

has a lower 'chemical' score

Answer 41

vegetable-based protein

Question 42

PVT TIM HALL

Answer 42

P- phenylalanine V- valine T- tryptophan T- Threonine I- Isoleucine M- methionine H- histidine A- arginine L- Leucine L- Lysine

Question 43

Over the course of a day, where does most of the tryptophan in the free amino acid pool come from in humans? (have to assume a typical American diet) A. degradation of body protein B. dietary meat C. dietary vegetables D. synthesis from a glycolytic intermediate

Answer 43

A. degradation of body protein (yes, about 3/4)

Question 44

Parietal cells secrete

Answer 44

H+

Question 45

Chief cells secreate

Answer 45

pepsinogen

Question 46

acid release of parietal cells will activate

Answer 46

pepsinogen

Question 47

Pancreas releases ___________ and _________ to neutralize the acid of the stomach

Answer 47

zymogen proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 48

pesinogen is activated to

Answer 48

pepsin

Question 49

at higher pH, ____________ segment interferes with active site

Answer 49

pro-peptide

Question 50

_________ will digest peptides

Answer 50

activated pepsin

Question 51

mucosal cells will release ___ and ______ when acidic chyme passes through small intestine to duodenum

Answer 51

secretin and cck

Question 52

cck causes bile duct of gall bladder to release

Answer 52

bile

Question 53

secretin inhibits __________ function and stimulates ductal cells of pancreas to create _______

Answer 53

inhibits parietal cell and creates bicarbonate

Question 54

pancrease releases ___________ and _________

Answer 54

bicarbonate and zymogens

Question 55

the activating enzyme for trypsinogen is

Answer 55

enteropeptidase

Question 56

trypsinogen is activated into

Answer 56

trypsin

Question 57

trypsin cleaves at

Answer 57

lysine/arginine

Question 58

cleaves ar large hydrophobic aa

Answer 58

chymotrypsin

Question 59

cleaves small hydrophobic aa

Answer 59

elastase

Question 60

cleaves sat the C-terminus

Answer 60

carboxypeptidase

Question 61

all digestive proteolytic enzymes have the ability to degrade themselves

Answer 61

YEs

Question 62

Which enzyme is tightly controlled in the pancrease

Answer 62

trypsin

Question 63

inhibited trypsin can lead to

Answer 63

pancreatitis

Question 64

nor hereditary of the pancreas

Answer 64

duct blockage

Question 65

hereditary pancreas

Answer 65

mutation in trypsin

Question 66

oligopeptides undergo action by _________ before absorption

Answer 66

aminopeptidase

Question 67

when proteins finally meet enterocytes, they arrive as ______ or _______

Answer 67

a.a. or oligopeptides

Question 68

in the enterocytes will catalyze the final breakdown into single AAs

Answer 68

peptidases

Question 69

defective kidney transporter for cystine

Answer 69

cystinuria

Question 70

due to lack of tryptophan transportation

Answer 70

Hartnup

Question 71

lysosomal proteases that degrade extracellular proteins

Answer 71

cathepsins

Question 72

pathway for intracellular protein degradation

Answer 72

ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Question 73

poly-ubi tag on protein is recognized by

Answer 73

proteasome

Question 74

MHC I cells use _________________ to present peptide on extracellular surface

Answer 74

Tag transporter

Question 75

recycles ubiquitin

Answer 75

deubiquitinase

Question 76

proteasome has a _________ and a _______

Answer 76

regulatory particle and core particle

Question 77

via proteolysis, the ______ of the proteasome will generate short peptides

Answer 77

core particle

Question 78

edits wrongly tagged proteins

Answer 78

polybiquitin

Question 79

which N-terminal is degraded the slowest

Answer 79

methionine

Question 80

facilitates the degradation of p53

Answer 80

HPV E6

Question 81

ubiquitation signals, in the protein sequence and not variable

Answer 81

1. N-end rule 2. PEST sequence 3. Destruction boxes

Question 82

ubiquitation signals, external factors and more variable

Answer 82

1. phosphorylation 2. denaturation/damage 3. facilitators/chaperones

Question 83

characterized by Lewy bodies in the brain which cause loss of neuronal cells and loss of dopamine

Answer 83

Parkinson's disease

Question 84

tagged by Parkin

Answer 84

Protein X

Question 85

protein X deubiquitinase

Answer 85

UCH-L1

Question 86

E3- ubiquitin ligase that with a mutation can lead to protein deposits

Answer 86

Parkin

Question 87

characterized by incomplete protein or insufficient protein but sufficient calories

Answer 87

Kwashiorkor

Question 88

How are essential AA attained?

Answer 88

from diet or degradation of body stores

Question 89

higher chemical store

Answer 89

animal protein