Syntax handbook Flashcards

1
Q

the present participle form of a verb used as a noun (e.g., Lifting is difficult for him)

A

gerund

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

a verb requiring an object, such that the action or state of the subject carries over to the object

A

transitive verb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a type of noun referring to a tangible, physical entity (e.g. box, spoon)

A

concrete noun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a type of dependent clause that compares the information in the dependent clause with information presented in the independent clause; is introduced with the words than or as

A

comparative clause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an independent clause conjoined to another independent clause of equal weight and importance via a coordinating conjunction

A

coordinate clause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the recipient of an action in a clause or sentence

A

direct object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a verb form that is the bare stem of a verb preceded by to (e.g. I want to wait)

A

infinitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a verb that does not require an object (e.g., he sleeps)

A

intransitive verb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this that these or those each of which identifies or highlights a particular antecedent; can function as a pronoun, as a limiting adjective, or as a determiner

A

demonstrative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a verb used as an auxiliary that can occur in a contracted form with the full meaning of the sentence still expressed (e.g., Jen will come—> Jen’ll come)

A

Contractible Auxiliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a sentence type that informs by making a positive or negative statement or an assertion

A

declarative sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do most children begin using pronouns?

A

During Brown’s stage I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a phrase that has an adjective as its head

A

adjective phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a verb tense that references actions or sates of being that will be or shall be completed before a particular time in the future; is formed by combining will have or shall have and the past participle form of a verb (e.g., Ian will have eaten by the time you get home)

A

future perfect tense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the noun to which a pronoun refers

A

antecedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

an auxiliary verb used to describe the intention and certainty of an action (e.g., can, could, might)

A

modal auxiliary

14
Q

one of the determiners a, an, or the; is either definite (i.e. the) or indefinite (i.e., a, an).

15
Q

a verb that is linked to or combined with a main verb to provide additional information about person, tense, or mood (e.g. “Timmy was hiding” or “She will help you”)

A

Auxillary Verb/ Helping Verb

16
Q

a type of noun referring to an intangible, nonphysical entity; describes ideas, emotions, senses, and situations

A

abstract noun

17
Q

a type of descriptive adjective that typically precedes the noun it modifies (the blue sky)

A

attributive adjective

18
Q

During what stage are children adept at using simple sentence structure (subject + verb+ object)

A

Brown’s stage III, 31 months of age

20
Q

a dependent clause that elaborates or specifies information about something named (a noun or pronoun) in the subject or object position; is typically introduced with a relative pronoun

A

Adjective clause/relative clause

21
Q

a class of words that provides additional information about nouns, pronouns, and verbs; is generally either an adjective or an adverb

23
Q

a type of noun that names a group acting as a unit

A

collective noun

24
a type of adverb that serves as a conjunction to connect two or more independent clauses (e.g., accordingly, hence, meanwhile).
adverbial conjunct/ conjunctive adverb
25
a noun referring to a general entity (e.g., cat, beauty, box)
common noun
26
a dependent clause that serves as the subject or object of a sentence; always contains a subject
finite clause/nominal clause/noun clause
27
the beneficiary of an action in a clause or sentence
indirect object
28
a sentence done in which the subject is acted upon (e.g., "the door was opened by John"
passive voice
29
a syntactic structure that contains subject and a predicate; is either independent (main) or dependent (subordinate)
clause
31
a verb tense that references actions or states of being that were started in the past and have recently been completed or are continuing up to the present time; is formed by combining have or has and the past participle of the verb (Ian has eaten)
Present perfect tense.
32
What pronouns are usually acquired earliest
I, me, my, it, mine, you
33
a be verb when it stands alone as a main verb and does not require an object (e.g., I am happy)
copula
34
a major sentence element following the subject slot that is made up of the verb and other constituents following it; describes the action, state, or condition that is stated, asked, ordered, or exclaimed by the use of a verb (e.g. Allison is sleeping)
predicate
35
a sentence in which the subject is the performer of an action (e.g. "Mary opened the letter"; these sentences generally follow a Subject+verb+ object or subject+verb+complement pattern
active voice