Syntax handbook Flashcards
the present participle form of a verb used as a noun (e.g., Lifting is difficult for him)
gerund
a verb requiring an object, such that the action or state of the subject carries over to the object
transitive verb
a type of noun referring to a tangible, physical entity (e.g. box, spoon)
concrete noun
a type of dependent clause that compares the information in the dependent clause with information presented in the independent clause; is introduced with the words than or as
comparative clause
an independent clause conjoined to another independent clause of equal weight and importance via a coordinating conjunction
coordinate clause
the recipient of an action in a clause or sentence
direct object
a verb form that is the bare stem of a verb preceded by to (e.g. I want to wait)
infinitive
a verb that does not require an object (e.g., he sleeps)
intransitive verb
this that these or those each of which identifies or highlights a particular antecedent; can function as a pronoun, as a limiting adjective, or as a determiner
demonstrative
a verb used as an auxiliary that can occur in a contracted form with the full meaning of the sentence still expressed (e.g., Jen will come—> Jen’ll come)
Contractible Auxiliary
a sentence type that informs by making a positive or negative statement or an assertion
declarative sentence
When do most children begin using pronouns?
During Brown’s stage I
a phrase that has an adjective as its head
adjective phrase
a verb tense that references actions or sates of being that will be or shall be completed before a particular time in the future; is formed by combining will have or shall have and the past participle form of a verb (e.g., Ian will have eaten by the time you get home)
future perfect tense
the noun to which a pronoun refers
antecedent
an auxiliary verb used to describe the intention and certainty of an action (e.g., can, could, might)
modal auxiliary
one of the determiners a, an, or the; is either definite (i.e. the) or indefinite (i.e., a, an).
article
a verb that is linked to or combined with a main verb to provide additional information about person, tense, or mood (e.g. “Timmy was hiding” or “She will help you”)
Auxillary Verb/ Helping Verb
a type of noun referring to an intangible, nonphysical entity; describes ideas, emotions, senses, and situations
abstract noun
a type of descriptive adjective that typically precedes the noun it modifies (the blue sky)
attributive adjective
During what stage are children adept at using simple sentence structure (subject + verb+ object)
Brown’s stage III, 31 months of age
a dependent clause that elaborates or specifies information about something named (a noun or pronoun) in the subject or object position; is typically introduced with a relative pronoun
Adjective clause/relative clause
a class of words that provides additional information about nouns, pronouns, and verbs; is generally either an adjective or an adverb
modifier
a type of noun that names a group acting as a unit
collective noun