Audiology and Hearing Disorders Flashcards
True or False
The ossicular chain transmits sound efficiently and with no distortion. It also amplifies incoming sound by 30 dB before transmitting it into the fludis of the inner ear.
true
Whisper is at about what intensity?
45 dB SPL
What are the two major structures of the inner ear?
- vestibular system
- cochlea
- sudden onset due to infection
- quick buildup of fluid and pus causes moderate to severe pain
- child has a fever and may experience vertigo
- buildup of pressure in the ME may rupture the TM, giving instant relief as pus is discharged from the ruptured membrane
- treated with medical and surgical procedures
acute otitis media
two-syllable words with equal stress on each syllable
spondee words
Hearing can be defined in terms of: (5)
- degree
- configuration
- type of loss
- time since onset
- word recognition ability
what is the name of the branch of physics that involves the study of sound as a physical event.
Acoustics
How does the human ear perceive sound? (2)
- pitch/frequency
- loudness/intensity
on an audiogram: blue square
left ear air conduction masked
An infant with a left palate will most likely have hearing problems because of…
eustachin tube dysfunction
HL
hearing level
- a condition that causes fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss usually in adults
- attributed to excessive endolymphatic fluid pressure in the membranous labyrinth which causes Reissner’s membrane to become distended
- symptoms include hearing loss, spels of dizziness or vertigo, a sense of fullness in the ear, and tinnitus
- currently no cure
Meniere’s disease
- a hearing aid feature which controls the maximum output of a hearing aid
- has the ability to package sounds into a certain range that is both audible and comfortable for the patient
- input and output
compression
On an audiogram: ] blue
left ear bone conduction-masked
the study of hearing disorders, and the measurement and management to those disorders. Audiologists identify, evaluate, and rehabilitate people with hearing losses due to peripheral or central auditory impairments.
Audiology
- permanent damage to middle ear structures
- frequently due to erosion of ossicles, cholosteotoma, or atrophy or perforation of the tympanic membrane
chronic otitis media
vibration pattern that repeats itself at regular intervals
periodic vibrations
SPL
sound pressure level
What two muscles in the middle ear dampen the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain?
- the tensor tympani
- the stapedius muscle
on an audiogram: > blue
left ear bone conduction
- one of the major structures of the inner ear
- snail-shaped and resembles a coiled tunnel
- measures about 3.8 cm when stretched
- filled with endolymph
cochlea
acquired birth to 5
pre-lingually deaf
hearing aid style
- pros
- smaller
- still can fit directional microphones (maybe)
- fits mild to moderately-severe HL
- Cons
- can’t fit severe hearing loss
- more dexterity needed due to smaller size
- battery size decrease
- phone use- T-coil typically available
- exposed to the ear canal environment
- occlusion
- repairs require whole unit (no loaner option)
In the canal (ITC)
- 2nd bone in the ossicular chain
- latin for anvil
- connected to the malleus in a tight joint that permits very little movement
Incus
slight hearing loss in children
16-25 dB
2 parts of the outer ear
- auricle/pinna
- external auditory meatus
cyles per second
hertz
Normal conversational speech is at about what intensity level?
65 dB SPL
The human ear is capable of responding to frequencies in what range?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
vowels are low or high frequencies?
low frequencies
- the most complex of the three divisions of the ear
- begins with the oval window
- housed in the temporal bone
- receives the mechanical vibrations of sound through the movement of the footplate of the stapes in the oval window
- a system of interconnecting labyrinths filled with perilymph
Inner ear
- middle ear is inflamed and filled with watery or thick fluid
- ET is bleocked and thus does not allow fresh air to ventilate the middle ear
- middle ear becomes air ticht and soon the air inside is thinned out and the pressure is reduced
- increased air pressure outside the ear begins to push the tympanic membrane inward, reducing it’s mobility
- it vibrates inefficiently, resulting in conductive HL
serous otitis media
basic components of a hearing aid
- microphone
- amplifier
- receiver (speaker)
- battery (or some power source)
Parts of a cochlear implant (7)
- the speech processor
- microphone
- volume control
- program switch
- telecoil
- battery cells
- magnets
vibration patern that occurs at irregular intervals
aperiodic vibrations
AS
Left
Humans perceive intensities ranging from…
0-130 dB SPL
_________________ hearing losses reflect malfunctions of the inner ear.
sensorineural
may have difficulty understanding even amplified speech
profound hearing loss
- 3rd bone in the ossicular chain
- Latin for stirrup
- footplate, or other end is inserted into the oval window (which leads to the inner ear)
Stapes
hearing losses due to disrupted sound transmission between the brainstem and the cerebrum as a result of damage or malformation
central auditory disorders
- dental appliance (bone conduction)
- single sided deafness or conductive HL
sound bite
the extent of displacement of the molecules in their to- and- from motion.
amplitude
speech reception thresholds (SRTs) are:
the lowest level of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented
Systems required to maintain balance (3)
- visual (orientation)
- somatosensory (body position)
- vestibular (gravity and intertia)
on an audiogram: [ red
bone conduction- masked
consonants are low or high frequences?
high frequencies
How is frequency measured?
Hertz