Synovial Joints Flashcards
Synovial joint features
Complex association of tissues and structures
Bone end determines range of motion
Facilitates free-movement and control of movement
Structure of synovial joints
Synovial membrane
Ligaments
Articular cartilage
Bone ends
Joint cavity
Joint capsule
Hyaline (articular) cartilage
Covers bone ends where they articulate
- subchondral bone (underneath where cartilage is located)
- allows smooth frictionless movement
Joint Capsule STRUCTURE
- Outer layer of DFCT
- Inner layer of synovial mombramt
- secretes synovial fluid
- lubrication of joint
- nutrients to avascular structures (structures that don’t have a bold supply via joint loading)
- secretes synovial fluid
Joint Capsule FUNCTION
- holds bone together
- tight and thick where more support is needed
- loose where movement is allowed
Definition of capsular ligaments
When capsules in a joint thicken where extra support is required and become a ligament
Two examples of capsular ligaments
Collateral ligaments of knee!
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- connects femur to tibia
- restricts abduction
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- connects femur to fibula
- restricts adduction
Definition of intracapsular ligaments
Additional bands of DFCT to hold bones together and restrict movement between them.
- they are not a part of the joint capsule - located inside the capsule
Two examples of intracapsular ligaments
Cruciate ligaments of knee
- arise from tibia insert into femur
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- anterior of tibia to posterior of femur
- restricts posterior displacement of femur
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- posterior of tibia to anterior of femur
- restricts anterior displacement of femur
Fibrocartilaginous pads/structures definiton
Small structures made of fibrocartilage fill in space, provide cushioning/shock absorption, and/or deepen articulations
Example of fibrocartilaginous structures
Menisci / meniscus
- half moon shaped structures that sit between femur and tibia
Joint movements
Plane of movement is back and forth
Axis runs side to side
Synovial Joint Shapes
- plane
- pivot
- condylar
- saddle
- hinge
- ellipsoid
- ball and socket
Range of movement is determined by
- bone-end shape
- ligament location and length
- body surface contact
Are synovial joints more stable or mobility
Mobility
