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HUBS191 > Active Cellular Physiology > Flashcards

Active Cellular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How do soft cells keep their shape

A
  • water
  • uses a gradient concentration
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2
Q

Epipithelial cell ____ the _____ and the ____ (and what is their appearance)

A

Line
GI tract
Airway
Cubical appearance that is maintained by water

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3
Q

What provides structure for soft cells

A

Osmotic pressure

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4
Q

Composition of water and solids in biological males

A

Water = 60%
- ICF - 33%
- ECF - 21.5%
- Plasma - 4.5%
- Other bodily fluids <1%

Solids = 40%
- organic and inorganic materials

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5
Q

Composition of water and solids in biological females

A

Water = 50%
- ICF - 27%
- ECF - 18%
- Plasma - 4.5%
- Other bodily fluids <1%

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6
Q

Why do males have a higher water concentration

A

There is more water in muscles and men have a higher muscle mass

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7
Q

How much water is lost / absorbed into ECF

A

Gained:
300ml metabolic water
2200ml water absorbed across digestive epithelium (drunk)

Lost:
1150ml water Vapor lost at skin and lungs
150ml lost in feces
1200ml water lost in urine
Water secreted by sweat glands (variable

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8
Q

Isotonic solution

A

When the ECF and ICF are in balance

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9
Q

Why is the volume of the ICF larger then ECF

A
  • water held within cells represents a significant reserve that can prevent sudden changes in solute and water concentrations in the ECF
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10
Q

Hypertonic

A
  • water loss from ECF decreases volume and makes the solution hypertonic in respect to the ICF
  • solutes stay the same therefore higher conc of solutes for a given volume = osmotic conc of EDF has increased
  • water moves from low conc of solutes in ICF to restore osmotic equilibrium
  • volume will decrease so the cells are shriveled
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11
Q

HYPOTONIC

A
  • water moves from low concentration of solutes in ECF to ICF to restore osmotic equilibrium
  • cell will swell
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12
Q

HYPONETREMIA

A
  • too little NA+
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13
Q

Ion absorption

A

Occurs across the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon

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14
Q

Ion reserves

A

Primarily in the skeleton

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15
Q

Ion pool in bodily fluids

A

ICF + ECF

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16
Q

Ion Excretion

A

Primary site of ion loss: Kidneys
Secondary site of ion loss: Sweat gland secretions

17
Q

How are the concentrations of ions in the bodily fluids regulated

A
  • ion excretion
  • ion absorbtion
  • ion storage
18
Q

Editable tissues

A
  • neurons and muscle - excitable membrane potential
  • epithelial cells - membrane potential (not excitable)
19
Q

Sizes of Na+ and K+

A

Na+ is smaller

20
Q

Examples of cations and anions present in and out of the cell

A

cations:
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium

Anions:
- chloride
- proteins

21
Q

Why can’t the charged particles freely flow through

A

Lipids bylayer is an insulator to prevent the freee flow of anions and cations

22
Q

Cations and Anions and membrane movement

A
  • balancing Na+ and K+ and Cl- is important for maintaining ionic equilibrium
  • plasma membrane seperatges the inside and outside of the cell
  • cations and anions can only move across the membrane through specific channels
23
Q

What creates a membrane potential

A

The distribution of ions creates electricity
- there charge difference between the two sides

24
Q

Resting membrane potential in living cells

A

-70mV

25
Q

Why can’t ions freely pass through the membrane

A
  • ions can not freely pass the plasma membranes because they are charged
26
Q

How do ions pass through the plasma membrane

A

They use membrane channels or active transport mechanism

27
Q

Concentration of Ka+ and Na+ on either side of the membrane and the ratio during resting membrane potential

A

ECF :
- High Na+
- Low K+

ICF:
- Low Na+
- High K+

3Na+ in ECF and 2K+ in ICF

28
Q

How is RMP maintained

A

Passive forces such as chemical gradients
Active processes su h as the ATP requiring sodium-potassium pump

29
Q

Sodiums and potassium’s size and direction of electrochemical gradient

A

Sodium:
- gradient is inwards
- Large electrochemical gradient

Potassium:
- slightly outwards
- Smaller electrochemical gradient

30
Q

When membrane potential increases greater the -70 (-60,-50,-10) what is it called

A

Depolarisation:
- where a chemical stimulus opens sodium channels and sodium is transported INTO of the cell

(Once stimulus is removed, repolarisation occurs and RMB is restored)

31
Q

When membrane potential decreases from -70mV (-80,-90) what is it called

A

Hyperpolarisation:
- where potassium channels open and more potassium ions leave the cell

32
Q

Electrical graidient vs chemical gradient

A

Chemical gradient: determined by the conc of ions across memebrane

Electrical gradient: determined by the potential difference of ions across a membrane (charge difference between ICF and EFC)

HUBS191 (36 decks)

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