Neuro Flashcards
Two types of information transmitted
- somatic
- autonomic
Matches sensory environment with our body’s needs
Yep
Two main cell types of the nervous system
Neurons
Glia
Neurons are ____ specialised for _____ of ________
There are ____ morphological cell types
Nerurons are Cells specialised for transmission of information
There are Four morphological types
3 general features of Glia
- Support for neurons
- Five basic types - 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
- Each type has specific function
Neurons - structural components
Dendrites (2 features)
- receive input
- send info into the cell
Cell body (2 futures)
- contains nucleus and organelles
- sums input
Axon (2 features)
- Carrie’s electrical impulses
- may or may not be myelinated
Axon terminals (2 features)
- end (terminus) of the axon
- neurotransmitter release
Organisation of the nervous system in the CNS
Group of cell bodies - nuclei
Bundle of axons - tract
Group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - grey matter
Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord - white matter
Organisation of the nervous system in the PNS
Group of cell bodies - ganglion
Bundle of axons - nerve
Neurons - functional components - IMPUT ZONE:
- Contains dendrites and cell body
- Receives CHEMICAL SIGNALS from other neurons
Neurons - functional components - SUMMATION ZONE
- Contains axon hillock
- summation of inputs
Neurons - functional components - CONDUCTION ZONE
- contains axon, may be quite long
- carry electrical signals between brain areas, to and from spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors and to effector cells
Neurons - functional components - OUTPUT ZONE
- contains axon terminals
- contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors
- release of neurotransmitter = chemical signal
Axon hillock definition
Anatomical location where Imputs are summated before action potential
4 morphological types of neurons
KNOW STRUCTURES OF ALL 4
- Multipolar - multiple processes emanate from the cell body
- Bipolar - two processes emanate from the cell body
- Unipolar - one process enamates from the cell body, then branches into depreciate and axon - has an output and input
- Anaxonic (axonless) - no distinct axon, all processes look alike
4 cells of the central nervous system GLIA
- astrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
- oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes 3 features
- supply nutrients to neurons
- ensheath blood capillaries
- injury response
Microglia 2 features
- immune cells of CNA
- engulf microorganisms and debris
Ependymal cells 2 features
- line fluid-filled spaces of the brain and spinal cord
- have cilia to circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes 2 features
- support nerve fibres
- ensheath them with myelin
Cells of the peripheral nervous system Glia - 3 features
-Schwann cells (maybe axon/nerve fiber and neuron too Idk check the slides bro)
Features:
- support peripheral nerve fibres
- ensheath them with myelin (wrapped palsma membrane around axon)
- similar to oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Myelin sheath
- is lipid wrapped around axon
- comes from oliodendrocytes in the CNS
- comes from Schwann cells in the PNS
PURPOSE: INCREASES CONDUCTION VELOCITY
Structure of the myelin sheath
Myelin sheath :
- multiple Schwann cells in line
Nodes of Ranvier :
- gaps between myelin
- increases conduction velocity
Communication between neaurons occurs through a junction called a ______
Synapse
Communication between neurons process:
- Electrical signal (AP) travels down the axon of one neuron and releases neurotransmitter (chemical signal) from axon terminal
- contains synaptic vesicles (little packets of neurotransmitter)
- pre-synaptic neuron (before the synapse
SYNAPTIC CLEFT - CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
- the second neutron contains receptors for neurotransmitter
- post synaptic neuron (after synapse)
AFFERENT
- information that goes into the brain
(Ascending)
EFFERENT
- response that comes out of the brain
(Descending)
Group of cell bodies in CNS brian
nuclei
Bundle of axons in CNS brain
Tract
Group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord
Grey matter
Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord
White matter
