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HUBS191 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of information transmitted

A
  • somatic
  • autonomic
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2
Q

Matches sensory environment with our body’s needs

A

Yep

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3
Q

Two main cell types of the nervous system

A

Neurons
Glia

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4
Q

Neurons are ____ specialised for _____ of ________

There are ____ morphological cell types

A

Nerurons are Cells specialised for transmission of information
There are Four morphological types

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5
Q

3 general features of Glia

A
  1. Support for neurons
  2. Five basic types - 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
  3. Each type has specific function
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6
Q

Neurons - structural components

A

Dendrites (2 features)
- receive input
- send info into the cell

Cell body (2 futures)
- contains nucleus and organelles
- sums input

Axon (2 features)
- Carrie’s electrical impulses
- may or may not be myelinated

Axon terminals (2 features)
- end (terminus) of the axon
- neurotransmitter release

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7
Q

Organisation of the nervous system in the CNS

A

Group of cell bodies - nuclei
Bundle of axons - tract
Group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord - grey matter
Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord - white matter

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8
Q

Organisation of the nervous system in the PNS

A

Group of cell bodies - ganglion
Bundle of axons - nerve

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9
Q

Neurons - functional components - IMPUT ZONE:

A
  • Contains dendrites and cell body
  • Receives CHEMICAL SIGNALS from other neurons
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10
Q

Neurons - functional components - SUMMATION ZONE

A
  • Contains axon hillock
  • summation of inputs
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11
Q

Neurons - functional components - CONDUCTION ZONE

A
  • contains axon, may be quite long
  • carry electrical signals between brain areas, to and from spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors and to effector cells
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12
Q

Neurons - functional components - OUTPUT ZONE

A
  • contains axon terminals
  • contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors
  • release of neurotransmitter = chemical signal
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13
Q

Axon hillock definition

A

Anatomical location where Imputs are summated before action potential

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14
Q

4 morphological types of neurons

A

KNOW STRUCTURES OF ALL 4

  1. Multipolar - multiple processes emanate from the cell body
  2. Bipolar - two processes emanate from the cell body
  3. Unipolar - one process enamates from the cell body, then branches into depreciate and axon - has an output and input
  4. Anaxonic (axonless) - no distinct axon, all processes look alike
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15
Q

4 cells of the central nervous system GLIA

A
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells
  • oligodendrocytes
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16
Q

Astrocytes 3 features

A
  • supply nutrients to neurons
  • ensheath blood capillaries
  • injury response
17
Q

Microglia 2 features

A
  • immune cells of CNA
  • engulf microorganisms and debris
18
Q

Ependymal cells 2 features

A
  • line fluid-filled spaces of the brain and spinal cord
  • have cilia to circulate CSF
19
Q

Oligodendrocytes 2 features

A
  • support nerve fibres
  • ensheath them with myelin
20
Q

Cells of the peripheral nervous system Glia - 3 features

A

-Schwann cells (maybe axon/nerve fiber and neuron too Idk check the slides bro)

Features:
- support peripheral nerve fibres
- ensheath them with myelin (wrapped palsma membrane around axon)
- similar to oligodendrocytes (CNS)

21
Q

Myelin sheath

A
  • is lipid wrapped around axon
  • comes from oliodendrocytes in the CNS
  • comes from Schwann cells in the PNS

PURPOSE: INCREASES CONDUCTION VELOCITY

22
Q

Structure of the myelin sheath

A

Myelin sheath :
- multiple Schwann cells in line

Nodes of Ranvier :
- gaps between myelin
- increases conduction velocity

23
Q

Communication between neaurons occurs through a junction called a ______

A

Synapse

24
Q

Communication between neurons process:

A
  • Electrical signal (AP) travels down the axon of one neuron and releases neurotransmitter (chemical signal) from axon terminal
  • contains synaptic vesicles (little packets of neurotransmitter)
  • pre-synaptic neuron (before the synapse

SYNAPTIC CLEFT - CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

  • the second neutron contains receptors for neurotransmitter
  • post synaptic neuron (after synapse)
25
Q

AFFERENT

A
  • information that goes into the brain
    (Ascending)
26
Q

EFFERENT

A
  • response that comes out of the brain
    (Descending)
27
Q

Group of cell bodies in CNS brian

A

nuclei

28
Q

Bundle of axons in CNS brain

A

Tract

29
Q

Group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord

A

Grey matter

30
Q

Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord

A

White matter

HUBS191 (36 decks)

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